Business Ethics Overview and Judaism

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Questions and Answers

It means each individual is held ______ for his/her actions.

accountable

Each individual is held accountable for his/her ______.

actions

Each individual is answerable to God and to ______.

others

Accountability means each individual is ______ for his/her actions.

<p>answerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Accountability means each individual is held accountable and is therefore ______ to God and to others.

<p>answerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is one of the world's eight major religions.

<p>Judaism</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is a major religion that originated in India.

<p>Hinduism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Another major religion, ______, is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama.

<p>Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

To act ethically is a ______ process.

<p>two-way</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual has to find out what should be done in a specific situation, this is the ______ action to take in an ethical two-way process.

<p>first</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employers and employees follow different sets of rules because they have different ______.

<p>positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employers should be aware of the extent of their employees' ______.

<p>capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employers are not allowed to ______ or embarrass employees.

<p>insult</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employees have ______ roles, according to the text.

<p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employees should not be ______ by an employer.

<p>embarrassed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethical people take ______ for their decisions.

<p>responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethical people set an ______ for others.

<p>example</p> Signup and view all the answers

We contribute something to make the world a better ______.

<p>place</p> Signup and view all the answers

We fight ______, corruption, and exploitation.

<p>oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ Olam means contributing to make the world a better place.

<p>Tikkun</p> Signup and view all the answers

They are not permitted to ______ salaries because of debt.

<p>withhold</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jewish employees should be allowed to go home before the sun ______ during Sabbath and Holidays.

<p>sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employees should be allowed to go home before the sun sets during Sabbath and ______

<p>Holidays</p> Signup and view all the answers

They are not permitted to withhold salaries because of ______

<p>debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shinto ethics is based on the idea that all human beings are basically ______

<p>good</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shintoism leads the Japanese to respect ______

<p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Shinto, people and Kami ______

<p>co-exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shintoism differs from Western cultures in that people do not seek to ______ nature for profit.

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Shinto belief, the ______ is good as well as humans.

<p>world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethical Responsibility

Taking responsibility for your choices and actions, serving as an example for others.

Tikkun Olam

Contributing to a better world by working to end injustice, dishonest practices, and unfair treatment.

Accountability

Being responsible for one's actions, both to God and to others.

Answerable

The state of being answerable for one's actions.

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Responsibility

A sense of duty or responsibility for one's actions.

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Acting ethically

Acting in a manner that aligns with good moral principles.

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Accountability to God

Adherence to a set of rules or principles.

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Withholding Salaries for Debt

Employers cannot deduct salaries to recover debts from employees.

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Sabbath and Holiday Observance

Jewish employees should be given time off to observe Sabbath and religious holidays.

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Employer-Employee Rules

Different roles in a work relationship require different sets of rules and responsibilities.

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Employer Responsibilities

Employers are responsible for understanding employees' abilities and should not treat them disrespectfully.

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Distinct Responsibilities

Rules and responsibilities are distinct for employers and employees.

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Respecting Employee Limits

Employers must recognize limitations and avoid actions that could cause harm or embarrassment to employees.

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Ethical Employer Behavior

Employers have a duty to treat employees with respect and avoid actions that could cause harm or embarrassment.

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Judaism

Judaism is one of the world's major religions, focusing on monotheism and the belief in a single God, who revealed his laws and covenant to humanity through Moses. It is a lifestyle encompassing religious, cultural, and ethical practices, rooted in ancient traditions and teachings found in the Torah.

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Christianity

Christianity, a major world religion stemming from Judaism, centers around the teachings of Jesus Christ, viewed as the Messiah and Son of God. Key tenets include the belief in Jesus's crucifixion and resurrection, the concept of salvation, love, forgiveness, and the importance of following Christ's example.

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Hinduism

Hinduism, a diverse and ancient religion originating in the Indian subcontinent, emphasizes a belief in Brahman, the ultimate reality, and Dharma, the cosmic law and set of duties. It encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, and philosophies, including reincarnation, karma, and the pursuit of spiritual liberation.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, is a non-theistic religion emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, a framework for achieving enlightenment and ending suffering. It emphasizes compassion, non-violence, and the pursuit of wisdom through meditation and mindfulness.

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Acting ethically: Step 1

Acting ethically is a two-way process. First, one needs to determine the right course of action based on the specific situation. This involves evaluating different options and aligning them with personal values, moral principles, and societal expectations.

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Shintoism's View on Nature

Shintoism emphasizes a harmonious relationship between humans and nature, viewing both as interconnected and deserving respect. Unlike Western perspectives that often prioritize human control over nature for profit, Shintoism promotes co-existence and reverence for the natural world.

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Shintoism's View on Human Nature

Shintoism believes that all beings, both human and Kami (spirits), are inherently good and that the world itself is inherently good. This optimistic view stands in contrast to some Western philosophical traditions that emphasize human imperfection and the need to overcome sin.

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Study Notes

Business Ethics Overview

  • Eight major religions: Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism

To Act Ethically

  • Is a two-way process:
    • First: Determining what action should be taken in a specific situation
    • Second: Performing the correct action with moral character

Judaism

  • 12-17 million followers in the U.S. and Israel
  • Three major groups:
    • Middle Eastern/Oriental Jews
    • Sephardic Jews (Spain/Portugal)
    • Ashkenazi Jews (Europe)
  • Roots in the covenant between God and Abraham
  • Core values (including the Ten Commandments) similar to Christianity
  • Eleven core values

Key Ethical Concepts within Judaism

  • Honesty: Truthfulness
  • Integrity: Consistency in words and actions
  • Brit: Keeping one's word
  • Loyalty: Building trust with God, family and tradition
  • Tzedakah: Charity and avoiding judgment
  • Chesed: Kindness and mercy towards others
  • Respect for Human Dignity: Value of all human life
  • Respect for Laws: Adhering to societal rules
  • Accountability: Responsibility for actions
  • Taking Responsibility: Setting examples for others
  • Tikkun Olam: Contributing to a better world by fighting oppression

Jewish Business Practices

  • High regard for work
  • Concern for the well-being of others
  • Rules for employers and employees:
    • Different rules based on positions
    • Awareness of employee capacity and limitations
    • No withholding salary due to debt

Christianity

  • Two billion followers globally
  • Three main branches: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant
  • Christian Bible as a guide for ethical principles
    • Rooted in Judaism (Old Testament) and the ministry of Jesus (New Testament).
  • Ethics based on Scriptures, prophets, and Jesus' teachings
  • Focus on doing good and avoiding evil
  • Free will and obedience to God's commandments lead to moral uprightness

Hinduism

  • Primarily in South Asia (nearly 85% in India)
  • Focuses on Brahman (ultimate oneness) and various deities
  • Belief in Karma (actions determining future lives)
  • Reincarnation (continuous cycle of birth and death)
  • Goal of freedom from Karma cycle
  • Positive outlook on work with accountability for results

Buddhism

  • 350 million followers worldwide (significant population in China and Thailand)
  • Based on the teachings of Buddha
  • Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma (teachings), and Sangha (community)
  • Belief in suffering, desire, and the path to enlightenment
  • Four Noble Truths: Suffering, cause of suffering, ending suffering, path to ending suffering
  • Rejection of worldly attachments for liberation from rebirth.
  • Rejection of business practices that disregard the environment and animals

Islam

  • One billion followers globally (primarily in Arab countries)
  • Founded by Muhammad
  • Quran (holy book) provides guidance for all aspects of life (including business)
  • Islamic ethics based on freedom, responsibility, and honesty
  • Five Pillars of Islam: Belief, worship, fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage

Confucianism

  • Major traditional religion in China emphasizing stability and interdependence
  • Profit should be acquired through righteousness and consideration for stakeholders
  • Strong emphasis on interpersonal relationships based on trust and reciprocity

Taoism

  • Based on the Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu
  • Promotes harmony with nature, balance, and interdependence among opposing forces
  • Explores the way (Tao) as the cause of everything, resulting in harmony if followed
  • Three basic tenets: Tao, Wu Wei (letting go), and Yin Yang (opposites in balance)

Shintoism

  • Ethnic religion of Japan focused on the relationship between humans and nature
  • Kami (spirits) embodied in natural elements
  • Emphasizes the importance of working with others, like respecting employees, teamwork

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