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Questions and Answers
What does the word 'philosophy' etymologically come from?
What does the word 'philosophy' etymologically come from?
Philia and Sophia
According to Socrates, what was the only life worth living?
According to Socrates, what was the only life worth living?
- A life that is carefully examined (correct)
- A life free from challenges and conflicts
- A life of luxury and excess
- A life full of material possessions
According to Plato, every person should do whatever they are best suited to do.
According to Plato, every person should do whatever they are best suited to do.
True (A)
Who emphasized the importance of constructing an environment for employees to recognize their potential?
Who emphasized the importance of constructing an environment for employees to recognize their potential?
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Confucius emphasized teaching people about benevolence, generosity, love, compassion, and ______________.
Confucius emphasized teaching people about benevolence, generosity, love, compassion, and ______________.
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Match the philosopher with their emphasis on ethics and virtues:
Match the philosopher with their emphasis on ethics and virtues:
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What is the etymological origin of the word 'Philosophy'?
What is the etymological origin of the word 'Philosophy'?
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Socrates believed that the only life worth living was one that was carefully examined.
Socrates believed that the only life worth living was one that was carefully examined.
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According to Plato, who should be trusted with the control to rule above others?
According to Plato, who should be trusted with the control to rule above others?
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Aristotle based his ethics on a psychological theory of human __________.
Aristotle based his ethics on a psychological theory of human __________.
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Match the philosopher with their teaching:
Match the philosopher with their teaching:
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Study Notes
Classical Philosophies and Business Ethics
- Philosophy comes from the Greek words "philia" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), and is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.
Socrates
- Known for his philosophy "Have the Courage to Disagree"
- Believed that the most important questions in philosophy are related to how people should live their lives, what constitutes righteous actions, and how people should coexist in communities and states
- Advocated for a life of careful examination and self-reflection
- Believed that no person would intentionally engage in harmful behavior if they were fully aware of the value of life
- Application to Business:
- Managers should not conform to morally unacceptable policies and practices, even if they are common
- Organizations should encourage independent thinkers and employees to follow their conscience
Plato
- Believed that only those with scholarly and ethical qualities should be entrusted with leadership
- Advocated for self-reflection to understand one's strengths and weaknesses
- Believed that individuals should focus on their natural talents and abilities
- Application to Business:
- Companies should match employees' natural talents with job requirements and expectations
- Each job has specific behaviors that allow the right person to excel
Aristotle
- Believed in helping people achieve fulfillment and recognize their potential
- Established the role of a leader in creating an environment for growth and fulfillment
- Based his ethics on a psychological theory of human nature
- Application to Business:
- Organizations should provide an environment conducive to human growth and fulfillment
- Employees should be rewarded proportionally to their contributions
Confucius
- Taught benevolence, generosity, love, compassion, and sincerity
- Emphasized loyalty to family and honoring ancestors
- Believed in upholding honor and moral power in leadership
- Application to Business:
- Confucian values can help create virtuous business leaders who rule justly and morally
- Businesses managed virtuously will succeed
Plutarch
- Believed that humans are social creatures and can be guided by providing them with better role models
- Advocated for leaders to be good role models
- Application to Business:
- Employees will imitate their leaders' behavior and treat others they way they are treated
Epictetus
- Focused on ethics and building a resilient mindset
- Taught that individuals can control their thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, but not external circumstances
- Advocated for focusing on what can be controlled and feeling a sense of autonomy
- Application to Business:
- Focus on what can be controlled, and individuals will feel a measure of autonomy even in chaotic situations
John Locke
- Believed that men are by nature free and equal and have natural rights
- Established the foundation for modern theories of limited, liberal government
- Contributed to the development of British Empiricism and the study of knowledge acquisition
- Application to Business:
- Business ethics involves systematic, corporate, and individual issues, including questions about economic, political, and legal institutions, as well as individual character and decision-making
Classical Philosophies and Business Ethics
- Philosophy comes from the Greek words "philia" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), and is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.
Socrates
- Known for his philosophy "Have the Courage to Disagree"
- Believed that the most important questions in philosophy are related to how people should live their lives, what constitutes righteous actions, and how people should coexist in communities and states
- Advocated for a life of careful examination and self-reflection
- Believed that no person would intentionally engage in harmful behavior if they were fully aware of the value of life
- Application to Business:
- Managers should not conform to morally unacceptable policies and practices, even if they are common
- Organizations should encourage independent thinkers and employees to follow their conscience
Plato
- Believed that only those with scholarly and ethical qualities should be entrusted with leadership
- Advocated for self-reflection to understand one's strengths and weaknesses
- Believed that individuals should focus on their natural talents and abilities
- Application to Business:
- Companies should match employees' natural talents with job requirements and expectations
- Each job has specific behaviors that allow the right person to excel
Aristotle
- Believed in helping people achieve fulfillment and recognize their potential
- Established the role of a leader in creating an environment for growth and fulfillment
- Based his ethics on a psychological theory of human nature
- Application to Business:
- Organizations should provide an environment conducive to human growth and fulfillment
- Employees should be rewarded proportionally to their contributions
Confucius
- Taught benevolence, generosity, love, compassion, and sincerity
- Emphasized loyalty to family and honoring ancestors
- Believed in upholding honor and moral power in leadership
- Application to Business:
- Confucian values can help create virtuous business leaders who rule justly and morally
- Businesses managed virtuously will succeed
Plutarch
- Believed that humans are social creatures and can be guided by providing them with better role models
- Advocated for leaders to be good role models
- Application to Business:
- Employees will imitate their leaders' behavior and treat others they way they are treated
Epictetus
- Focused on ethics and building a resilient mindset
- Taught that individuals can control their thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, but not external circumstances
- Advocated for focusing on what can be controlled and feeling a sense of autonomy
- Application to Business:
- Focus on what can be controlled, and individuals will feel a measure of autonomy even in chaotic situations
John Locke
- Believed that men are by nature free and equal and have natural rights
- Established the foundation for modern theories of limited, liberal government
- Contributed to the development of British Empiricism and the study of knowledge acquisition
- Application to Business:
- Business ethics involves systematic, corporate, and individual issues, including questions about economic, political, and legal institutions, as well as individual character and decision-making
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