Business Economics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of implementing an incentive mechanism in the principal-agent relationship?

  • To maximize the agent's control over decisions
  • To align the interests of the principal and agent (correct)
  • To reduce the principal's oversight costs
  • To increase the commission of the agent

Which of the following costs is NOT categorized as an agency cost?

  • Information costs (correct)
  • Oversight costs
  • Guarantee costs
  • Residual loss costs

Under the Resource-Based View of the firm, what characteristic of resources contributes to sustained competitive advantage?

  • Commonly used by multiple firms
  • Easily substitutable
  • Widely available in the market
  • Valuable and difficult to imitate (correct)

Which type of firm is characterized by owning resources that are both public and private?

<p>Mixed equity firm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of industrial firms?

<p>They produce or extract goods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal form allows for a business to be treated as a separate entity from its owners?

<p>Corporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of firm would likely have a turnover of less than €2 million?

<p>Micro firm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of ownership classification for firms?

<p>Service-oriented (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic that differentiates firms from other organizations?

<p>Firms seek to maximize profit through goods or services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes the firm as a 'black box' focused on maximizing profit?

<p>Neoclassical Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition should a firm choose to make a product instead of buying it, according to Transaction Cost Theory?

<p>When transaction costs are high. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative impact does disproportionate income inequality have on society?

<p>It reduces the potential for economic growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Agency Theory, how is the firm conceptualized?

<p>As a nexus of contracts between various parties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the existence of transaction costs as per Transaction Cost Theory?

<p>Bounded rationality and opportunism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key function of firms in the economic reality context?

<p>Creating value by transforming raw materials into outputs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high unemployment in relation to social cohesion?

<p>It reduces social cohesion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Principal-Agent Problem

A situation where the interests of a principal (e.g., business owner) and an agent (e.g., manager) acting on their behalf are not aligned, leading to potential conflicts and opportunistic behavior.

Incentive Mechanism

A mechanism designed to align the interests of the principal and agent, often involving financial incentives or performance-based rewards to ensure the agent acts in the best interest of the principal.

Oversight Costs

Costs incurred by the principal to monitor and control the agent's behavior, reduce information asymmetry, and mitigate opportunistic behavior.

Guarantee Costs

Costs incurred by the principal to provide guarantees or insurance to compensate for potential losses caused by the agent's actions.

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Residual Loss Costs

Losses incurred by the principal due to the agent's actions that are not fully prevented by oversight or guarantee costs.

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Resource-Based View of the Firm (RBV)

A firm's unique combination of resources and capabilities that contributes to its competitive advantage.

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Competitive Advantage Factors

Resources or capabilities that are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate, and non-substitutable, allowing a firm to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.

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Corporation

A legal entity separate from its owners, with its own liability, allowing for efficient governance and management.

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What are the key characteristics of an organization?

Organizations are entities with a clear purpose, composed of people, and structured to divide responsibilities and tasks.

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What is the core function of a firm?

A firm aims to make a profit by converting raw materials and resources into goods and services that meet customer needs.

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How are firms affected by their environment?

Firms operate within an environment that influences their success. Economic factors, social trends, and competition all affect how they function.

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How does a firm create value as a social entity?

Firms create value not just through economic activities, but also through social interactions. They impact stakeholders like customers, employees, and competitors.

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What is the core idea of Neoclassical Theory?

The Neoclassical Theory views the firm as a simple machine that turns inputs into outputs for sale. It assumes the goal is to maximize profit and that markets naturally adjust.

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What is the main point of Transaction Cost Theory?

Transaction Cost Theory acknowledges that market transactions involve costs like information gathering, negotiation, and contract enforcement. It explains these costs in terms of bounded rationality and opportunism.

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What is the fundamental concept of Agency Theory?

Agency Theory describes the firm as a structure of contracts between different parties (e.g., owners and managers). It emphasizes the potential for conflict and agency costs.

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What are the negative effects of income inequality and unemployment?

Income inequality and unemployment can have negative social consequences, including reduced cohesion, increased conflict, and hindered economic growth.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course title: Business Economics
  • Instructor: María Espadas Puyet
  • Institution: CUNEF Universidad
  • Course code: DADE-C

Table of Contents

  • Unit 1: The Firm
    • Nature of the firm
    • Types of firms
    • Ownership and management
    • Entrepreneurship
  • Unit 2: Theoretical Approaches to Management
    • Classical approach
    • Scientific Management
    • General Administrative Theory
    • Behavioural Approach
  • Unit 3: Business Environment
    • General environment (PESTEL)
    • Competitive environment
    • Porter's Five Forces
    • Organizational culture
  • Unit 4: Information and Decision Making
    • Information and data
    • Decision making
    • Decision making approaches
    • Information system and management
  • Unit 5: Business Management
    • Business administrators and managers
    • Nature of manager's job
    • Management functions
  • Unit 6: Objectives and Growth of the Firm
    • Economic goal and value creation (accounting profit, economic profit)
    • Social responsibility, sustainability, and ethics
    • The growth of the firm
    • Innovation

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in Business Economics, including the nature of firms, various management theories, and the business environment. Test your understanding of entrepreneurship, decision-making, and the objectives of firms. Ideal for students enrolled in the Business Economics course at CUNEF Universidad.

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