Questions and Answers
Which type of burn affects only the superficial skin layers, appears red without blisters, and typically lasts around 3 days?
First-degree burn
What is the most common cause of burn injuries in women in developing countries?
Open cooking fires/unsafe cook stoves
Who is commonly injured in developed countries due to the risk relating to work environments?
Men
What is the term for an injury to skin or other tissues caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation?
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What is the term for wet heat from boiling water or steam?
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What may happen at the same time as a burn and could be fatal?
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What is the ideal fluid for resuscitation in burn victims?
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When are blood transfusions administered to burn victims?
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What is a potential complication for burn patients in Hong Kong?
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What is the most common type of fire causing burns?
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What kind of injury may require escharotomy?
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What percentage of fire and heat-related injuries occur in the developing world?
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Which alternative medicine may aid in wound healing for burn victims?
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Which type of burn involves injury to deeper tissues and often leads to loss of the burned part?
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What is the most common location of fires causing burn injuries?
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What approach helps reduce pain and anxiety in burn patients?
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Which gender has twice the risk of burns compared to the other?
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Which type of burn extends to all skin layers, with no pain and does not heal on its own?
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What type of scars result from overgrowth of granulation tissue and can cause severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture?
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What is the lasting period of scar formation in full-thickness wounds?
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What type of scars are more common in people of sub-Saharan African descent?
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What are the major determinants identified in the study related to pressure therapy effectiveness and its impact on daily life?
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Which non-parametric test was used for data analysis in the study?
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What is eschar in the context of burn injuries?
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What is the effect of burns over 30% of the body surface area?
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How are burn severity classified?
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What is the first aid management for burns?
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What is used to determine the volume of IV fluids required over the first 24 hours for burn injuries?
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What are the factors considered in classifying burn severity by the American Burn Association?
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What is the main purpose of prevention programs for burn injuries?
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Which type of burn involves injury to deeper tissues and often leads to loss of the burned part?
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What is the effect of burns over 30% of the body surface area?
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What is used to determine the volume of IV fluids required over the first 24 hours for burn injuries?
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What is the main purpose of prevention programs for burn injuries?
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What type of scars result from overgrowth of granulation tissue and can cause severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture?
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What is the most common type of fire causing burns?
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What percentage of fire and heat-related injuries occur in the developing world?
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What is the most common cause of burn injuries in women in developing countries?
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What is the term for an injury to skin or other tissues caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation?
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Which type of burn affects only the superficial skin layers, appears red without blisters, and typically lasts around 3 days?
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What is the ideal fluid for resuscitation in burn victims?
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What is the lasting period of scar formation in full-thickness wounds?
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Which of the following therapies has been shown to help reduce pain and anxiety in burn patients?
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What type of fluid resuscitation is crucial for burn victims according to the text?
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What is the recommended fluid for resuscitation in burn victims according to the text?
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What is the main consideration for administering blood transfusions to burn victims according to the text?
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What are some common burn complications mentioned in the text?
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What has been proven effective in treating visible scars in burn patients in Hong Kong?
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Which of the following is a potential complication for burn patients in Hong Kong?
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What is the main purpose of prevention programs for burn injuries?
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What is the term for an injury to skin or other tissues caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation?
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What type of scars are more common in people of sub-Saharan African descent?
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What may happen at the same time as a burn and could be fatal?
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What is the lasting period of scar formation in full-thickness wounds?
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What is the term for the process involving collagen remodeling, capillary regression, and increasing tensile strength in scar formation?
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Which type of scar is characterized by overgrowth of granulation tissue and can cause severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture?
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What type of scars are more common in people of sub-Saharan African descent?
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What is the term for dead tissue that sloughs off from the skin, often seen in burn injuries, and may require surgical removal to prevent infection?
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What is the last phase of wound healing that involves collagen cross-linking and replacement of disorganized collagen by organized collagen, resulting in restoration of normal dermal composition and tensile strength?
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What type of test was used for data analysis in the study related to pressure therapy effectiveness and its impact on daily life?
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Study Notes
Pathophysiology and Management of Burn Injuries
- Burn injuries are categorized into three degrees, with temperatures above 44°C causing protein breakdown and resulting in cell and tissue damage.
- Effects of burns include disruption of skin sensation, water loss prevention, and body temperature control.
- Burns over 30% of the body surface area trigger an inflammatory response, leading to fluid leakage, tissue edema, blood volume loss, and increased levels of catecholamines and cortisol.
- Different degrees of burns have varying appearances, sensations, healing times, and prognoses, with fourth-degree burns extending into underlying fat, muscle, and bone.
- Burns are diagnosed based on depth, mechanism, extent, and associated injuries, and the size is assessed using methods such as the Wallace rule of nines and Lund and Browder chart.
- Burn severity is classified based on total body surface area (TBSA) affected, involvement of specific anatomical zones, age, and associated injuries.
- Prevention programs have decreased serious burn rates through education, regulations, and code of practice, including measures like setting water heaters below 48.8°C and limiting firework sales to children.
- First aid management includes DRABC + 3B + 3C, stopping burning, maintaining breathing, examining the body, cooling and covering the burn, and general management such as O2 therapy, care of the burn wound, and nutrition for major burns patients.
- Hyperbaric oxygenation and IV fluids are used for extensive burns prone to infection, with specific fluid resuscitation and monitoring requirements for children and adults based on TBSA.
- The Parkland formula determines the volume of IV fluids required over the first 24 hours, with additional maintenance fluid for children.
- Burn injuries are prone to developing contractures and causing loss of function, affecting an individual’s activities of daily living (ADL).
- The American Burn Association classifies burn severity as minor, moderate, or major based on TBSA affected, age, high voltage injury, inhalation injury, circumferential burn, and significant burn to specific body parts.
Pressure Therapy Effectiveness and Scar Management in Burn Patients
- 70 burn cases with over 1 year since injury were surveyed to measure the subjective rating of pressure therapy effectiveness and its impact on daily life
- The survey used an ordinal scale from 1 to 6 with 11 items addressing treatment effectiveness, life changes, and satisfaction
- Non-parametric tests, Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test, and Cluster analysis were used for data analysis, identifying major determinants and correlating with demographic data
- The study suggests turning pressure garments into 'pleasure garments', expanding services for individual needs, developing work rehabilitation, and providing support for patients with low educational levels
- Eschar is dead tissue that sloughs off from the skin, often seen in burn injuries, and may require surgical removal to prevent infection
- Active scars may be red, firm, thick, or raised, and their appearance depends on multiple factors including wound care and location
- Types of scars include cicatrix, hypertrophic, keloid, and contracture, each with distinct characteristics and potential complications
- Keloid scars result from overgrowth of granulation tissue and can cause severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture, more common in people of sub-Saharan African descent
- Scar formation involves collagen remodeling, capillary regression, and increasing tensile strength, lasting from 21 days to two years in full-thickness wounds
- Wound care directly impacts scar formation, with adequate care minimizing scarring
- Eschar may require surgical removal to prevent infection, especially in immunocompromised patients, and circulation to affected limbs should be assessed
- Scar management is part of the last phase of wound healing, involving collagen cross-linking and replacement of disorganized collagen by organized collagen, resulting in restoration of normal dermal composition and tensile strength
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