30 Questions
What is the primary anatomical change that leads to hallux valgus?
Lateral shift of the proximal phalanx
What is a common consequence of hallux valgus?
Narrowing of the first MTP joint space
What happens to the fat pad in dorsal subluxation/dislocation of the proximal phalanges?
It migrates dorsally with the phalanges
What is the primary cause of claw toe and hammer toe deformities?
Muscle imbalances between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
What is the result of the faulty pattern of walking in hallux valgus?
Accentuation of hallux valgus and foot pronation
What is a common outcome of the deformities mentioned?
Pain and ulceration
What is one of the anticipated benefits of joint surgery and postoperative rehabilitation for the ankle and foot?
Improved muscle strength and endurance
What is the primary goal of postoperative exercise and gait training with assistive devices in ankle rehabilitation?
To restore stability and mobility to affected joints
What is the main difference between total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and ankle arthrodesis?
TAA is an option for patients with advanced arthritis, while ankle arthrodesis is for patients with mild arthritis
What is the name of the joint affected by advanced, symptomatic arthritis in patients who may undergo total ankle arthroplasty (TAA)?
Talocrural joint
What is included in patient education as part of ankle rehabilitation?
Information about activity modification and shoe fit and selection
What is the primary goal of joint and soft tissue mobilization in ankle rehabilitation?
To restore stability and mobility to affected joints
What is the main benefit of the mobile-bearing design in total ankle arthroplasty?
Decreased mechanical wear
What is a contraindication for TAA in individuals?
Skeletally immature individuals
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for total ankle arthroplasty?
Mild osteoarthritis
What is the primary function of the mobile-bearing polyethylene component?
To provide joint surface sliding
What is a relative contraindication for TAA?
Malalignment of the hindfoot more than 20°
What is unique about the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) system?
It is a mobile-bearing design
What is a component of a total ankle system?
A metallic baseplate that is fixed to the tibia
What is a key step in the operative procedure for total ankle arthroplasty?
Correcting any significant deformity above or below the ankle joint
What is the name of the incision used in TAA?
Anterior longitudinal incision between the tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis tendon
What is a complication that can lead to a contraindication for total ankle arthroplasty?
Avascular necrosis of a significant portion of the talus
What is a restriction for TAA?
Restricted total arc of sagittal plane motion less than 20°
What is a characteristic of contemporary prosthetic designs?
They closely mimic the characteristics of a normal ankle joint
What is the primary reason for early motion and weight bearing after primary direct repair of the Achilles tendon?
Due to advances in surgical procedures and a better understanding of the benefits of early loading and motion during the tendon healing process
How long is the ankle immobilized in equinus postoperatively?
Less than 2 weeks
What is the primary function of a hinged CAM orthosis?
To allow movement in a protected range
When is the protective boot or orthosis typically discontinued?
When the patient is able to ambulate on level surfaces without pain while fully weight bearing on the operated extremity
What is the purpose of using a bilateral heel lift after discontinuing the functional brace or orthosis?
To reduce tendon strain during functional activities
What is a common element among published guidelines for initiating and progressing weight bearing and allowing ankle mobility?
The use of safe levels of applied stress while protecting the healing tendon
This quiz covers the anatomy and development of bunions and hallux limitus, including the shifting of the proximal phalanx and the effects on the surrounding muscles and joints.
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