Bunion and Hallux Limitus Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary anatomical change that leads to hallux valgus?

  • Dorsal shift of the great toe
  • Lateral shift of the proximal phalanx (correct)
  • Proximal shift of the metatarsal head
  • Medial shift of the distal phalanx

    • What is a common consequence of hallux valgus?

  • Shortening of the great toe
  • Narrowing of the first MTP joint space (correct)
  • Lengthening of the second toe
  • Widening of the first MTP joint space

    • What happens to the fat pad in dorsal subluxation/dislocation of the proximal phalanges?

  • It remains stationary under the metatarsal heads
  • It moves medially under the metatarsal heads
  • It migrates dorsally with the phalanges (correct)
  • It disappears completely

    • What is the primary cause of claw toe and hammer toe deformities?

    <p>Muscle imbalances between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the faulty pattern of walking in hallux valgus?

    <p>Accentuation of hallux valgus and foot pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of the deformities mentioned?

    <p>Pain and ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the anticipated benefits of joint surgery and postoperative rehabilitation for the ankle and foot?

    <p>Improved muscle strength and endurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of postoperative exercise and gait training with assistive devices in ankle rehabilitation?

    <p>To restore stability and mobility to affected joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>TAA is an option for patients with advanced arthritis, while ankle arthrodesis is for patients with mild arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the joint affected by advanced, symptomatic arthritis in patients who may undergo total ankle arthroplasty (TAA)?

    <p>Talocrural joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in patient education as part of ankle rehabilitation?

    <p>Information about activity modification and shoe fit and selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of joint and soft tissue mobilization in ankle rehabilitation?

    <p>To restore stability and mobility to affected joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of the mobile-bearing design in total ankle arthroplasty?

    <p>Decreased mechanical wear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for TAA in individuals?

    <p>Skeletally immature individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for total ankle arthroplasty?

    <p>Mild osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mobile-bearing polyethylene component?

    <p>To provide joint surface sliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a relative contraindication for TAA?

    <p>Malalignment of the hindfoot more than 20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) system?

    <p>It is a mobile-bearing design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component of a total ankle system?

    <p>A metallic baseplate that is fixed to the tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key step in the operative procedure for total ankle arthroplasty?

    <p>Correcting any significant deformity above or below the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the incision used in TAA?

    <p>Anterior longitudinal incision between the tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication that can lead to a contraindication for total ankle arthroplasty?

    <p>Avascular necrosis of a significant portion of the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a restriction for TAA?

    <p>Restricted total arc of sagittal plane motion less than 20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of contemporary prosthetic designs?

    <p>They closely mimic the characteristics of a normal ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for early motion and weight bearing after primary direct repair of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Due to advances in surgical procedures and a better understanding of the benefits of early loading and motion during the tendon healing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the ankle immobilized in equinus postoperatively?

    <p>Less than 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a hinged CAM orthosis?

    <p>To allow movement in a protected range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the protective boot or orthosis typically discontinued?

    <p>When the patient is able to ambulate on level surfaces without pain while fully weight bearing on the operated extremity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a bilateral heel lift after discontinuing the functional brace or orthosis?

    <p>To reduce tendon strain during functional activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common element among published guidelines for initiating and progressing weight bearing and allowing ankle mobility?

    <p>The use of safe levels of applied stress while protecting the healing tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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