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Questions and Answers

What is the appropriate rectal tube number for infants?

  • 12 (correct)
  • 16-18
  • 22-30
  • 14-16

What is the correct insertion depth for a preschool child using a rental tube?

  • 3-5 cm
  • 2.5-3.5 cm
  • 7-10 cm
  • 5-7 cm (correct)

For school-aged children, what is the range of insertion depth for the rental tube?

  • 2.5-3.5 cm
  • 10-12 cm
  • 5-7 cm (correct)
  • 7-10 cm

What rental tube number is indicated for adults?

<p>22-30 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion depth range for adults using a rental tube?

<p>7-10 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with an increase in heart rate?

<p>Hypovolemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to a decrease in heart rate after puberty?

<p>Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could cause an irregular pulse?

<p>Overactive thyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do opioids have on heart rate?

<p>Decrease heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that increases heart rate?

<p>Atropine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the heart rate with a temperature increase of 1.12 C?

<p>It increases by 20 beats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what rate does the heart rate increase for every degree Celsius change in temperature?

<p>10 beats every 0.56 C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the temperature rises by 2.24 C, how many beats will the heart rate increase?

<p>40 beats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate increase for a 0.56 C decrease in temperature?

<p>10 beats decrease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By how much does the heart rate increase with a temperature increase of 0.28 C?

<p>2.5 beats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR of infants

<p>120-160 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR of 15-18

<p>60-90 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR of athletes

<p>40-60 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR of 1-3 years

<p>140 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR of 3-5 years ?

<p>80-110 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HR of adults

<p>60-100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stroke volume in ml

<p>60-70 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Occult Blood

Hidden blood

Scybdlum

Long-dry-hard poop accumulated at lower colon/rectum ( stool impaction )

Meteorism

Gas accomulated at lumen due to anesthesia , opiates , surgery

Tenesmus

Small amount of poops due to colon inflammation or cancer

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Infant Rectal Tube

A rectal tube with a diameter of 12 cm, used for infants, and inserted to a depth of 2.5 to 3.5 cm.

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Preschool Rectal Tube

A rectal tube with a diameter of 14 to 16 cm, used for preschool children, and inserted to a depth of 5 to 7 cm.

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School-Aged Rectal Tube

A rectal tube with a diameter of 16 to 18 cm, used for school-aged children, and inserted to a depth of 5 to 7 cm.

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Adult Rectal Tube

A rectal tube with a diameter of 22 to 30 cm, used for adults, and inserted to a depth of 7 to 10 cm.

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Rectal Tube Insertion Depth

The depth at which a rectal tube is inserted, which varies based on age and size.

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Every day fluid intake

1500-2000 ml

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Low cleansing enema

  • cleans rectum / lower part of intestine - enema is Yal solution -half volumes from high enema
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High cleansing enema

  • cleans upper part of l.intestine. -solution volumes : infants ( up to 250 ml ) , preschool ( 500ml ) , school ( 500-1000) , adults ( 1000-2000 ml )
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Medical enema

  • drug administration in cases of vomiting , unconsciousness , surgery - 60-180ml liquid is used combined with oil or saline to reduce irritation/ defecation
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Evacuant enema

  • used to relieve constipation by triggering bowel movement -prepared oil based liquid ( mineral oil or laxative ) of 150-250 ml in a Jannette syringe
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Diagnostic enema

  • to examine intesine / polyps / colon tumor -Contrast medium containing barium or sulfate
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Colorless urine

Overhydartion , diuretics , diabetes , LIVER

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Dark yellow urine

Dehydration , KIDNEY

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Orange-red brown urine

Dehydration, warfarin

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Dark brown urine

Haematuria , iron

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Pink-red urine

KIDNEY-BLADDER infection , stones , cancer , laxatives , food

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Black urine

LIVER

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Proteins in urine

UTIS, stones , trauma

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Blood in urine

UTIS, stones , trauma , cancer

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Sugar in urine

Diabetes

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Ketones in urine

Diabetes , dehydration, hunger-strike

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Bile in urine

LIVER , hepatitis , biliary obstruction

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Ammonia / fetid odor in urine

Dehydration, UTIS

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One time urination

250-400 ml

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Day urination

1200-1500 ml

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Polyuria

3000 ml in Diabetes , diuretics , KIDNEY

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Oliguria

100-500 ml in dehydration, UTIS , hypovolemic schock , burns , urinary obstruction

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Anuria

< 100 ml in KIDNEY

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Dysuria

Urethra infection

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Stranguria

UTIS , obstruction due to stones

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Pollakisuria

UTIS , Enlarged prostrate gland

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Silicone catheters

Prefilled with 10% glycerine

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Latex catheters

Filled with water or sodium chloride

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Children catheter size

8-10 CH

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Women catheter size

14-16 CH

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Men catheter size

16-18 CH

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Haematurria

20-24 CH

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Men Catheter permanent length

41-45

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Women permanent catheter length

25 cm

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Children permanent catheter size

30 cm

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What factors can increase heart rate?

emotions, fever, increased activity, blood loss, dehydration, and the release of adrenaline and epinephrine

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What factors can decrease heart rate?

age, being male (after puberty), opioid use, cardiotonic medications, and antidepressants

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What does an irregular pulse rhythm suggest?

heart conditions or an overactive thyroid gland

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What is a rectal tube used for?

Medical professionals often use a rectal tube for inserting a cleansing enema, which is a procedure that cleanses the intestines.

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What can affect the color and composition of urine?

Various factors like dehydration, UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections), trauma, cancer, stones, medications, and food can affect the color and composition of a person's urine.

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Heart Rate and Body Temperature Relationship

For every 0.56 degrees Celsius increase in body temperature, the heart rate increases by 10 beats per minute.

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Cleansing Enema

A medical procedure that involves administering fluids into the rectum to cleanse the intestines.

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Excessive Urination

Also known as polyuria, it refers to excessive urination, often exceeding 3000 ml per day. This can occur due to conditions such as diabetes, diuretic use, and kidney dysfunction.

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects any part of the urinary system. This can cause pain, discomfort, and urgency to urinate.

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Quanto es li pulso normal de infantes?

Li infantes, li pulso normal es inter 120 e 160 pulsationes per minuto.

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Quid eventa a li frequentie de pulsationes con li etate?

Li frequentie de pulsationes diminue con li etate.

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Quid pote influentia li frequentie de pulsationes?

Li frequentie de pulsationes pote esser influentiate de factores como febre, activitate, e anxie.

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Quanto es li frequentie de pulsationes normal de un adulto?

Li frequentie de pulsationes normal de un adulto es inter 40 e 60 pulsationes per minuto.

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Quid significa un frequentie de pulsationes anormal?

Un frequentie de pulsationes anormal pote indicar un problema medical.

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Quid es li frequentie de pulsationes normal de un infante?

Li frequentie de pulsationes normal de un infante es inter 120 e 160 pulsationes per minuto.

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Quid es li frequentie de pulsationes normal de un adulto?

Li frequentie de pulsationes normal de un adulto es inter 60 e 100 pulsationes per minute.

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Weak pulse

Bleeding , hypovolemic Schock

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Full pulse

Stress , exercise , fever , hypertension, arrhythmias

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Peripheral pulse

Radial ( > 2 years ) , carotid , brachial , temporal , femoral , popliteal , tibial posterior , dorsalis pedis

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Apical pulse

<2 years , irregular peripheral pulse , Kidney-pulmonary-heart

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Study Notes

  • Infants (0-12 months): Rental tube size 12, insertion depth 2.5-3.5 cm. Heart rate: 120-160 bpm.

  • Infants (1-3 years): Rental tube size not specified, insertion depth not specified. Heart rate: 90-140 bpm.

  • Preschoolers (3-5 years): Rental tube size not specified, insertion depth not specified. Heart rate: 80-110 bpm.

  • School-aged children (6-12 years): Rental tube size 16-18, insertion depth 5-7 cm. Heart rate range: 75-100 bpm.

  • Adolescents (15-18 years): Rental tube size not specified, insert depth not specified. Heart rate range: 60-90 bpm.

  • Adults: Rental tube sizes 22-30, insertion depth 7-10 cm. Heart rate: 60-100 bpm.

  • Athletes: Rental tube size not specified, insertion depth not specified. Heart rate: 40-60 bpm.

Factors Affecting Heart Rate and Rhythm

  • Increased Heart Rate (HR): Associated with emotions, fever, high activity levels, hypovolemia (low blood volume), dehydration, bleeding, adrenaline, epinephrine, atropine, and a temperature increase of 10 beats per minute every 0.56 degrees Celsius.

  • Decreased Heart Rate: Influenced by age (lower in males than females after puberty), opioids, cardiotonics, and antidepressants.

  • Irregular Pulse: A symptom of heart disorders or an overactive thyroid gland.

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