Building Materials Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of density of distilled water at a specific temperature?

  • g/cm³ (correct)
  • kg/m³
  • N/m³
  • m³/kg

    • What is the formula to calculate the specific gravity (Gs)?

  • Gs = ρw / ρs
  • Gs = γs / γw
  • Gs = ρs / ρw (correct)
  • Gs = γw / γs

    • What is porosity (η) defined as?

  • The ratio of the volume of water to the total volume
  • The ratio of the volume of solid material to the total volume
  • The ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume
  • The percentage of the pores volume to the total volume (correct)

    • What is the formula to calculate the voids ratio (e)?

    <p>e = Vv / Vs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is moisture content (m) expressed as?

    <p>Percentage of the weight of water to the weight of solid material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of saturation (s) expressed as?

    <p>Percentage of the volume of water in the voids to the total volume of voids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is water absorption expressed as?

    <p>Percentage of the weight of water to the weight of dry material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanical behavior of materials related to?

    <p>External loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of γw?

    <p>kN/m³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are classified as structural materials?

    <p>Materials that are mainly used to resist loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the density of a material?

    <p>ρ = M / V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of apparent density?

    <p>Kg/m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bulk density?

    <p>The dry mass per unit volume of a substance under the conditions that powdery or granular materials are packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of unit weight?

    <p>N/m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between unit weight and apparent density?

    <p>𝛾 = 𝜌</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the apparent density?

    <p>M / V°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the bulk density?

    <p>M / Vb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are classified as non-structural materials?

    <p>Materials that are not designed to carry loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Elongation (e %) in a material?

    <p>The largest amount of elongation at failure or the ratio between the amount of the resulting elongation at failure and original length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate longitudinal strain?

    <p>ΔL / Lo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate lateral strain?

    <p>ΔY / Yo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cross section of a material in the axial tension test?

    <p>It decreases in the lateral direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Poisson's ratio (V)?

    <p>The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical range of Poisson's ratio?

    <p>0.0 to 0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a linear material?

    <p>Its stress-strain relation follows a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an elastic material?

    <p>It returns to its original shape when the load is removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cross section of a material in the axial compression test?

    <p>It increases in the lateral direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a material exhibiting linear elastic behavior?

    <p>The strain will proportionally increase with increased stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the deformation of a material when the load is removed?

    <p>Some of the deformation will be recovered and some will remain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material is characterized by the ability to recover part of the changes in its shape after the removal of the loading?

    <p>Elasto-plastic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of stress in the given table?

    <p>MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing a stress-strain curve?

    <p>To visualize the relationship between stress and strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial gauge length of the rod in Example 2?

    <p>100 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the yield strength of the aluminum alloy in Example 2?

    <p>150 MPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of material that exhibits plastic response from the beginning of applying stress?

    <p>Plastic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a material that exhibits strain hardening?

    <p>The strain will increase with increased stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fire resistance in building materials?

    <p>The ability to resist the action of high temperature without deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of a material to resist the action of acids, alkalis, seawater, and gases?

    <p>Chemical resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is durability in building materials?

    <p>The ability to resist the combined effects of atmospheric and other factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hardness in building materials?

    <p>The property of a material to resist pressing-in or scratch of a sharp object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does abrasive resistance refer to?

    <p>The capacity of a material to resist abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the abrasion ratio?

    <p>N = (m1 - m2)/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of abrasion ratio?

    <p>gm/cm2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does m1 represent in the formula for abrasion ratio?

    <p>Mass before abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does A represent in the formula for abrasion ratio?

    <p>Abrasive area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Building Materials

    • Building materials can be classified into two categories:
      • Structural materials: used to resist loads, such as reinforced concrete and steel
      • Nonstructural materials: not designed to carry loads, such as brick or wood partitions

    Physical Properties of Building Materials

    • Density (ρ): mass per unit volume of a material
      • Calculated by: ρ = M / V
      • Unit: g/cm3
    • Apparent Density (ρ0): dry mass per unit volume of a substance under natural conditions
      • Calculated by: ρ0 = M / V°
      • Unit: Kg/m3
    • Bulk Density (ρb): dry mass per unit volume of a substance under packing conditions
      • Calculated by: ρb = M / Vb
      • Unit: Kg/m3
    • Unit Weight (𝛾): weight per unit volume of a material
      • Calculated by: 𝛾 = W / V or 𝛾 = ρ°g
      • Unit: N/m3
    • Specific Gravity (Gs): ratio of the density of a solid material to the density of distilled water
      • Calculated by: Gs = ρs / ρw or Gs = γs / γw
    • Porosity (η): percentage of the pores volume to the total volume
      • Calculated by: η = Vv / V
    • Voids Ratio (e): ratio of the volumes of voids to the volume of solid material
      • Calculated by: e = Vv / Vs
    • Moisture Content (m): percentage ratio of the weight of water in the voids to the weight of solid material
      • Calculated by: m% = (Mw / Ms) × 100%
    • Degree of Saturation (s): percentage ratio of the volumes of water in the voids to the total volume of voids
      • Calculated by: s% = (Vw / Vv) × 100%
    • Water Absorption: ability of the material to absorb and retain water
      • Calculated by: Ww% = ((Ms - Md) / Md) × 100%

    Mechanical Properties of Materials

    • Mechanical behavior: response of the material to external loads
    • Elongation (e%): largest amount of elongation at failure or the ratio between the amount of elongation and original length
      • Calculated by: e% = (ΔL / L) × 100%
    • Longitudinal Strain (εL): calculated by dividing the total deformation of the dimension parallel to the direction of applied force by the original dimension
      • Calculated by: εL = ΔL / Lo
    • Lateral Strain (εa): calculated by dividing the total deformation of the dimension vertical to the direction of applied force by the original dimension
      • Calculated by: εa = ΔY / Yo
    • Poisson's Ratio (V): ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain
      • Calculated by: V = εa / εL
    • Linearity: stress-strain relation follows a straight line
    • Elasticity: material returns to its original shape when the load is removed and reacts instantaneously to changes in load
    • Elasto-plastic materials: exhibit linear elastic behavior followed by plastic response
    • Stress-strain curve: graphical representation of the stress and strain relationship

    Fire Resistance, Chemical Resistance, and Durability

    • Fire Resistance: ability of a material to resist the action of high temperature without deformation and loss of strength
    • Chemical Resistance: ability of a material to withstand the action of acids, alkalis, seawater, and gases
    • Durability: ability of a material to resist the combined effects of atmospheric and other factors

    Hardness and Abrasive Resistance

    • Hardness: property of a material to resist pressing-in or scratch of a sharp object
    • Abrasive Resistance: capacity of a material to resist abrasion
      • Calculated by: N = (m1 - m2) / A
      • Unit: gm/cm2

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    Description

    Quiz on classification of building materials, including structural materials, finishing materials, and others, in the context of civil engineering.

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