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Questions and Answers
What is a significant drawback of using particle board (PB) sheathing?
What is a significant drawback of using particle board (PB) sheathing?
- It is highly durable under stress.
- It serves as an effective moisture barrier.
- It cracks and crumbles easily. (correct)
- It has excellent resistance to heat.
What needs to be considered when using PB for floor or roof covers?
What needs to be considered when using PB for floor or roof covers?
- It should be left unsupported.
- It is suitable for use as a primary structural member.
- It can be used without any additional surface covering.
- It must be well supported with closely-spaced joists. (correct)
Why is wall sheathing typically not required to have much strength?
Why is wall sheathing typically not required to have much strength?
- It is designed to be supportive only.
- It is primarily decorative.
- It is not exposed to external elements.
- It does not bear any load. (correct)
What is a consequence of PB being used as sheathing in high heat conditions?
What is a consequence of PB being used as sheathing in high heat conditions?
Which of the following sheathing products is known for being used in flashover simulators?
Which of the following sheathing products is known for being used in flashover simulators?
What type of aerosols are produced from the degradation of PB?
What type of aerosols are produced from the degradation of PB?
Why does PB used as sheathing need to be closely spaced?
Why does PB used as sheathing need to be closely spaced?
What factor contributes to the classification of traditional wood sheathing products?
What factor contributes to the classification of traditional wood sheathing products?
What is the primary function of footers in building foundations?
What is the primary function of footers in building foundations?
How do foundation walls contribute to a building’s stability?
How do foundation walls contribute to a building’s stability?
What factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the load capacity of a column?
What factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the load capacity of a column?
Which of the following materials are commonly used for foundation walls?
Which of the following materials are commonly used for foundation walls?
What is one of the main purposes of properly designing a building's foundation?
What is one of the main purposes of properly designing a building's foundation?
What is a primary disadvantage of engineered lumber in fire situations?
What is a primary disadvantage of engineered lumber in fire situations?
What characteristic of a footer contributes to its effectiveness?
What characteristic of a footer contributes to its effectiveness?
Which component of the building foundation is designed to provide support for columns?
Which component of the building foundation is designed to provide support for columns?
Which material is noted for excellent resistance to compression, tension, and shear forces?
Which material is noted for excellent resistance to compression, tension, and shear forces?
What is the role of connections in a building structure?
What is the role of connections in a building structure?
What detrimental effect does heat have on steel?
What detrimental effect does heat have on steel?
What is a major challenge of using OSB in construction?
What is a major challenge of using OSB in construction?
Why is steel a popular choice for large commercial structures?
Why is steel a popular choice for large commercial structures?
What is a common disadvantage of the adhesives used in engineered lumber?
What is a common disadvantage of the adhesives used in engineered lumber?
What characteristic of steel makes it a good conductor of heat?
What characteristic of steel makes it a good conductor of heat?
How does engineered lumber compare to sawn lumber regarding its burning characteristics?
How does engineered lumber compare to sawn lumber regarding its burning characteristics?
What is a potential disadvantage of using composite materials like CFRPs in firefighting structures?
What is a potential disadvantage of using composite materials like CFRPs in firefighting structures?
What are the primary components of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)?
What are the primary components of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)?
Why are CFRPs not commonly used as building materials despite their strength?
Why are CFRPs not commonly used as building materials despite their strength?
How does carbon fiber contribute to the strength of CFRPs?
How does carbon fiber contribute to the strength of CFRPs?
What is the main advantage of using plastics in material technology?
What is the main advantage of using plastics in material technology?
What is the primary material source for most plastics?
What is the primary material source for most plastics?
What happens to the heat resistance of CFRPs under fire conditions?
What happens to the heat resistance of CFRPs under fire conditions?
In structural firefighting, what makes CFRPs particularly dangerous?
In structural firefighting, what makes CFRPs particularly dangerous?
What is the main function of a foundation in a building?
What is the main function of a foundation in a building?
How does the depth of a beam affect its load-carrying capacity?
How does the depth of a beam affect its load-carrying capacity?
Which statement accurately describes a pilaster?
Which statement accurately describes a pilaster?
What is the key difference between a buttress and a pilaster?
What is the key difference between a buttress and a pilaster?
Which of the following structural elements is primarily responsible for delivering weight to a foundation?
Which of the following structural elements is primarily responsible for delivering weight to a foundation?
If you triple the depth of a beam, how much more load can it carry compared to its original capacity?
If you triple the depth of a beam, how much more load can it carry compared to its original capacity?
What role do buttresses and pilasters play in building construction?
What role do buttresses and pilasters play in building construction?
What happens to the span length of a beam when its depth is doubled?
What happens to the span length of a beam when its depth is doubled?
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Study Notes
Sheathing
- Particle board (PB) is a common sheathing material but is weak and prone to cracking and crumbling.
- PB used as a floor or roof cover needs strong support from closely spaced joists.
- Heat and fire easily destroy PB, and it's a common fuel source for flashover simulations.
- PB smoke contains flammable and toxic wood particles and hydrocarbons.
- Plywood is commonly used for beams, structural sheathing, and stairs.
- Oriented strand board (OSB) is susceptible to heat degradation and burning, leading to rapid failure in fires.
Engineered Lumber
- Engineered lumber is a modern alternative to sawn lumber offering many advantages.
- Despite its advantages, it can burn faster and more intensely than sawn lumber.
- Adhesives used in engineered lumber can emit toxic gases like formaldehyde during fires.
Steel
- Steel is a strong, versatile building material used in large commercial structures.
- Steel's strength-to-mass ratio is excellent.
- Steel softens and elongates when heated, making it vulnerable in fires.
- Steel conducts heat readily and loses strength at high temperatures.
Composites
- Composites are a combination of various materials, including plastics, glues, exotic metals, and assembly methods.
- Composites are often designed for maximum strength with minimal material mass.
- Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a strong, heat, corrosion, and rot-resistant material.
- CFRPs are not widely used in building construction due to cost but are increasingly being used for reinforcing concrete and steel.
- CFRPs offer initial heat resistance but degrade when the polymer burns.
Building Foundations
- Foundations anchor buildings to the earth.
- Foundations are comprised of footers, foundation walls, slabs, and pilings.
- Footers distribute weight and are the lowest part of the foundation.
- Foundation walls provide structural support and hold back soil.
- Foundation walls are typically made of concrete, but masonry block, precast panels, or timber can be used.
Columns
- Columns deliver the weight of beams and other columns to the foundation.
- Column load capacity depends on material, length, and cross-sectional shape.
- Columns can be vertical, diagonal, or horizontal.
Beams
- Beams support loads and transfer them to columns.
- Beam load capacity is proportional to the square of its depth.
- Doubling the depth of a beam increases its load capacity fourfold.
- Beam span is directly proportional to its depth.
- Doubling the depth of a beam doubles its span.
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