Building Illumination Techniques SHORT ANSWER

Some common design misconceptions related to building illumination lighting systems include: 1) Narrow spot lights creating shadows, 2) Too many spot and ceiling lights hindering the details of the human face, 3) Using the same lighting level regardless of the activity and function inside the space, 4) Not using enough accent lights on important objects, 5) Using lights that have a high probability of creating glare, and 6) Overuse of decorative lights.

Using narrow spot lights can create shadows, which may not be desirable in certain areas of a building. Additionally, an overabundance of narrow spot lights can hinder the details of the human face, impacting the overall illumination and ambiance of the space.

Using accent lights on important objects in building illumination is important because it helps draw attention to these objects and adds depth to the overall lighting design. Without accent lights, important objects such as paintings may not receive the necessary illumination to be properly showcased within the space.

<p>In an incandescent lamp, light is emitted by electrically heating a tungsten filament until it is reddish-white hot. By increasing the current, the filament gets hotter and the light gets whiter, resulting in a higher color temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of tungsten is 3422 $^\circ$C. The tungsten filament in a typical incandescent light bulb operates at approximately 2500 $^\circ$C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incandescent lamps wear out as the tungsten filament evaporates and condenses on the inside of the bulb, causing the darkening of the glass. Eventually, as the filament gets thinner, it breaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The labeling '60A19' on an incandescent lamp means the lamp has a wattage of 60W, a bulb shape denoted by 'A', and a maximum bulb diameter of 2.375 inches (19 ÷ 8 = 2.375).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major advancements in electric lighting include the development of fluorescent lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps (mercury, metal halide, high-pressure sodium). These advancements have improved energy efficiency, light output, and color appearance, leading to widespread adoption in various applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ballast in discharge lamps ignites and regulates the electric current. Traditional ballasts are being replaced by more efficient electronic ballasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluorescent lamps work by generating ultraviolet radiation in low-pressure mercury vapor, which is then converted into visible light by a phosphor coating inside the tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main diameters of fluorescent lamps are T12, T8, and T5. They differ in size, color, wattage, and shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LEDs are basic pn-junction diodes that emit light when activated. They are suitable for producing pure colored light for decorative or communication purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminaires support the lamp, supply power, and modify light to achieve a desired pattern and reduce glare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mounting of luminaires is crucial for controlling light distribution, with direct components suitable for high illumination levels over large areas but may cause glare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminaires with a sizable direct component are suitable for high illumination levels over large areas but may cause glare, whereas shielded light is better for lighting quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminaires are categorized based on light distribution, with different types for distributing light up or down, influencing the lighting effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Halogen incandescent lamps use halogen elements to extend filament life and produce intense light. They are popular for automotive headlights and spotlights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps emit light from a small arc tube inside a protective outer bulb and include metal halide lamps for improved color appearance and light output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional ballasts are less efficient than electronic ballasts, which are being replaced due to their improved efficiency in igniting and regulating the electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cut-off angle should be at least 45° for a standing man's illumination technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baffles, louvers, eggcrate devices, parabolic louvers, lenses, prisms, and reflectors can be used to improve the quality of lighting from direct fixtures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parabolic louvers are effective in preventing direct glare but do not solve the problem of veiling reflections on horizontal surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lighting systems can be divided into six generic types: general, localized, ambient, task, highlighting, and decorative lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General lighting usually consists of uniformly spaced, ceiling-mounted direct lighting fixtures, providing flexibility in arranging work areas but with low energy efficiency and veiling reflections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized lighting features non-uniform arrangement with concentrated lighting fixtures over work areas, offering higher energy efficiency and reduced veiling reflections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambient lighting is diffused, low-illumination lighting reflected off the ceiling and walls, suitable for easy visual tasks and circulation, with the possibility of being used in conjunction with task lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task lighting is flexible, offers better light quality and high energy efficiency, and is complemented with ambient lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highlighting (accent) lighting is used to highlight objects or parts of buildings and should be about ten times higher than the surrounding light level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of accent lighting include spotlights and wall-washers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decorative lighting involves lamps and fixtures that are the object to be viewed, such as chandeliers, and can also supply functional lighting in most cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task/ambient lighting is the most sustainable and highest-quality lighting, using less energy than standard lighting and allowing individual control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of the same lighting level regardless of the activity and function inside the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of emphasis on important objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overuse of decorative lights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melting point of tungsten is $3422^ ext{o}C$, and the filament operates at approximately $2500^ ext{o}C$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60: Wattage (60 W) A: Bulb shape 19: Maximum bulb diameter, in eighths of an inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tungsten filament evaporates and condenses on the inside of the bulb, causing darkening of the glass, and eventually breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a form of incandescent lamp with standard characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45°</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parabolic louvers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To highlight objects or parts of buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambient lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent direct glare</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be the object to be viewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task/ambient lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30°</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers