Building Floors Overview

A construction method that is quicker, but might need extra support for heavy loads.

Materials used for floors, enhancing durability, look, and function.

Durable natural stone, ideal for outdoor areas with high traffic.

Smooth, durable limestone flooring, good for both commercial and residential use. Cost-effective.

Durable, strong stone in various colors. Used in luxury buildings and high-traffic areas.

Tiles made from clay or porcelain, available in many colors and designs. Easy to clean and durable.

Simple, smooth tiles, often used in utility areas for durability and ease of cleaning.

Small tiles arranged in patterns for decorative purposes, commonly used in bathrooms and kitchens.

Glazed tiles are best for wet areas like kitchens, bathrooms, and areas exposed to moisture due to their smooth, shiny surface.

The subfloor must be level, clean, and compacted to support flooring, and any imperfections need fixing.

Mortar or adhesive is put on the subfloor for tiled or stone flooring, making sure it's aligned.

Concrete needs time to harden. Tiles/stones don't.

Flooring needs to handle daily activities (traffic).

Budget impacts flooring choices, some materials might be less expensive than others.

Some materials need more upkeep than others.

Flat roofs are best for areas with little rainfall, maximizing good drainage.

Roofs protect buildings from weather and help keep a comfortable temperature.

Flooring should match the design of a room.

A floor located below ground level, often used for storage, parking, or mechanical services.

Typically made of reinforced concrete to resist soil pressure & moisture.

The floor directly above the basement or at ground level; main entry.

Can be concrete, stone, or brick. Often reinforced concrete slabs for strength.

Floors above the ground floor, typically for living, offices, or commerce.

A solid reinforced concrete slab supported by beams or walls.

Concrete slabs supported by beams for better load distribution.

Floors with a grid system of beams and slabs, giving high strength.

A reinforced concrete slab without beams.

Basement, Ground, and Upper Floors (e.g., slab, slab and beam, grid, flat slab)

AC sheets are a type of roofing material made from asbestos fibers and cement, offering durability and cost-effectiveness.

GI sheets, made from galvanized iron, are coated with zinc to prevent rust and corrosion, making them strong and weather-resistant for both residential and industrial use.

Acrylic sheets are transparent or translucent plastic sheets used for roofs where natural light is desired, making them suitable for structures like skylights and greenhouses.

The use of AC sheets has declined due to health concerns associated with asbestos, which can be harmful.

GI sheets are suitable for both residential and industrial roofing, offering a strong and weather-resistant solution.

Acrylic sheets are ideal for roofs where natural light is needed, such as in commercial spaces, showrooms, or agricultural buildings.

Building construction focuses on both floors and roofs, covering types, materials, construction methods, and selection criteria.

Understanding floors and roofs is crucial for a foundational understanding of how these essential elements of a building are designed and constructed.

A roof with a minimal slope, often used for additional space like gardens, terraces, and utility installations.

A roof with a steep slope, ideal for areas with heavy rainfall or snowfall as it ensures proper drainage and prevents snow buildup.

A structural system made of steel used to support roof structures, commonly found in industrial, commercial, and large buildings.

A steel truss with diagonal members slanting towards the center, suitable for long spans and high load-bearing needs.

A steel truss with diagonal members creating a continuous zigzag pattern, offering high strength and lightweight design.