38 Questions
Which NFPA standard sets the ISO qualifications for NIMS safety officers?
NFPA 1026
In the 1970s, where was the FIRESCOPE program developed and used for multiagency incidents?
The West Coast
Whose role is it to focus on scene-specific operations?
The incident safety officer (ISO)
Who is responsible for assigning the Type 1 and Type 2 incident management team (IMT) designations?
The National Interagency Coordination Center (NICC)
What does the D stand for in the context of reading smoke?
Density
What makes the smoke from unfinished wood distinctive?
It is brown
What is black fire?
Smoke that is high-volume, has turbulent velocity, is ultra dense, and is deep black
According to NFPA 1521, what does thicker smoke indicate?
The more explosive it becomes
What is the third step of the Three-Step Process for Reading Smoke?
Determine the rate of change of each attribute
What is required to become a skilled smoke-reader according to the text?
Practice
According to NFPA 1561, what is the leading cause of line-of-duty deaths (LODDs)?
Stress (cardiac) related issues
What are contributing factors to LODDs?
Lightweight construction techniques and modern designs of apparatus
What does the appointment of an Incident Safety Officer (ISO) not absolve other firefighters or fire officers from?
Responsibility
In the MEDIC acronym, what does the D stand for?
Develop
What is the primary role of the HSO?
An administrative or managerial position
NFPA 1521 lists professional qualifications for?
ISOs and HSOs
When was Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5, Management of Domestic Incidents, signed?
2004
What was the National Response Framework (NRF) recently renamed from?
National Response Plan (NRP)
Who conducts LODD examinations to prevent further occurrences according to the text?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
What is mass related to in the context of heat resistance?
Heat resistance is time
What is the final step in protecting a building from collapse?
Predicting and communicating potential collapse
What does dead load refer to in the context of building construction?
The weight of the building itself
What can be a warning sign for flashover in a compartmentalized fire?
Turbulent smoke flow that has filled a compartment
During which era was platform framing most commonly used?
Legacy era
What can smoke at a building fire be created by?
Incomplete combustion and pyrolitic decomposition
What might indicate that a collapse could be imminent in a building?
Sagging floors
What can ventilation-limited phase in a compartmentalized fire limit?
Available combustion air
In what era would a building with high surface-to-mass ratio likely have been built?
Lightweight era
What can a 100-foot structural steel beam elongate up to at 1100°F?
10 inches
What does rough sawn wood have in terms of burn rate?
Slower burn rate
In which NFPA standard were the qualifications for Incident Safety Officers (ISO) outlined?
NFPA 1521
Which type of observation is NOT an indication that a collapse might be imminent?
Higher British thermal unit (Btu) development (fire load)
Who would initiate a precautionary withdrawal?
IC
In discussing different loads on a building, the load that refers to the weight of the building itself is known as the:
Dead load
What is an item that is releasing a mix of particulates and aerosols as well as gases referred to as?
Off-aggregating
What does NFPA 1561 list regarding the Incident Safety Officer (ISO)?
Requirements, duties, and responsibilities
What is the primary role of the Health and Safety Officer (HSO)?
Administrative and managerial
What is a contributing factor to the number of injuries on the fireground according to the text?
Increased use of lightweight construction techniques
Study Notes
Essential Building Construction and Fire Growth Concepts
- Spreader is used to gain entry through a small opening
- Platform framing was most commonly used during the industrial era
- The legacy era brought larger interior spaces for most buildings
- A building with high surface-to-mass ratio would probably have been built during the lightweight era
- Final step in protecting from collapse is to predict and communicate
- Gusset plates can fail in trusses in as little as 5 minutes
- Observations that a collapse might be imminent include settling noises, sagging floors, and roofs, and signs of building repair
- Precautionary withdrawal can be initiated by ISO or IC
- Dead load refers to the weight of the building itself
- Rough sawn wood will have a slower burn rate
- A 100-foot structural steel beam can elongate up to 10 inches at 1100°F
- Smoke at a building fire is created by incomplete combustion and pyrolitic decomposition
- An item releasing a mix of particulates, aerosols, and gases is referred to as off-gassing
- Ventilation-limited phase in a compartmentalized fire limits available combustion air
- Turbulent smoke flow that has filled a compartment can be a warning sign for flashover
- Increasing smoke speed can be a warning sign for a smoke explosion
- Smoke volume alone does not provide sufficient information about a fire
- Smoke pressurizes in a building due to smoke volume and convection heat
NFPA Standard and NIMS Safety Officers
- NFPA standard sets ISO qualifications for NIMS safety officers
- Most line-of-duty deaths are stress (cardiac) related
- Contributing factors to LODD include lightweight construction techniques and slow adaptation to societal changes
- Number of injuries on the fireground is declining, but not as quickly as the number of fires
- Workers' compensation experience modifier is typically based on a 3-year loss experience
- The appointment of an ISO does not absolve other firefighters from responsibility
- In the MEDIC acronym, the D stands for Develop
- The HSO role is primarily an administrative or managerial position
- NFPA 1561 lists the ISO requirements, duties, and responsibilities
- Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 was signed in 2004
- National Response Framework (NRF) was recently renamed from National Response Preparedness (NRP)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts LODD examinations to prevent further occurrences
Test your knowledge of essential building construction and fire growth concepts with this quiz. From spreader entry to smoke behavior, gusset plate failures to collapse predictions, this quiz covers a wide range of crucial topics for fire safety and building construction.
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