Building Construction and Fire Growth Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which NFPA standard sets the ISO qualifications for NIMS safety officers?

  • NFPA 1561
  • NFPA 1521
  • NFPA 1500
  • NFPA 1026 (correct)

In the 1970s, where was the FIRESCOPE program developed and used for multiagency incidents?

  • The West Coast (correct)
  • New York City
  • Washington D.C.
  • Texas

Whose role is it to focus on scene-specific operations?

  • The incident commander
  • The incident safety officer (ISO) (correct)
  • The health and safety officer (HSO)
  • Both the ISO and HSO

Who is responsible for assigning the Type 1 and Type 2 incident management team (IMT) designations?

<p>The National Interagency Coordination Center (NICC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the D stand for in the context of reading smoke?

<p>Density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the smoke from unfinished wood distinctive?

<p>It is brown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is black fire?

<p>Smoke that is high-volume, has turbulent velocity, is ultra dense, and is deep black (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to NFPA 1521, what does thicker smoke indicate?

<p>The more explosive it becomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third step of the Three-Step Process for Reading Smoke?

<p>Determine the rate of change of each attribute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to become a skilled smoke-reader according to the text?

<p>Practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to NFPA 1561, what is the leading cause of line-of-duty deaths (LODDs)?

<p>Stress (cardiac) related issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are contributing factors to LODDs?

<p>Lightweight construction techniques and modern designs of apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the appointment of an Incident Safety Officer (ISO) not absolve other firefighters or fire officers from?

<p>Responsibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the MEDIC acronym, what does the D stand for?

<p>Develop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the HSO?

<p>An administrative or managerial position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NFPA 1521 lists professional qualifications for?

<p>ISOs and HSOs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5, Management of Domestic Incidents, signed?

<p>2004 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Response Framework (NRF) recently renamed from?

<p>National Response Plan (NRP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who conducts LODD examinations to prevent further occurrences according to the text?

<p>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mass related to in the context of heat resistance?

<p>Heat resistance is time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in protecting a building from collapse?

<p>Predicting and communicating potential collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dead load refer to in the context of building construction?

<p>The weight of the building itself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a warning sign for flashover in a compartmentalized fire?

<p>Turbulent smoke flow that has filled a compartment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which era was platform framing most commonly used?

<p>Legacy era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can smoke at a building fire be created by?

<p>Incomplete combustion and pyrolitic decomposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might indicate that a collapse could be imminent in a building?

<p>Sagging floors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can ventilation-limited phase in a compartmentalized fire limit?

<p>Available combustion air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what era would a building with high surface-to-mass ratio likely have been built?

<p>Lightweight era (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a 100-foot structural steel beam elongate up to at 1100°F?

<p>10 inches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rough sawn wood have in terms of burn rate?

<p>Slower burn rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which NFPA standard were the qualifications for Incident Safety Officers (ISO) outlined?

<p>NFPA 1521 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of observation is NOT an indication that a collapse might be imminent?

<p>Higher British thermal unit (Btu) development (fire load) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who would initiate a precautionary withdrawal?

<p>IC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In discussing different loads on a building, the load that refers to the weight of the building itself is known as the:

<p>Dead load (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an item that is releasing a mix of particulates and aerosols as well as gases referred to as?

<p>Off-aggregating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NFPA 1561 list regarding the Incident Safety Officer (ISO)?

<p>Requirements, duties, and responsibilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Health and Safety Officer (HSO)?

<p>Administrative and managerial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contributing factor to the number of injuries on the fireground according to the text?

<p>Increased use of lightweight construction techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Spreader

A tool used to force entry through a small opening.

Platform framing

A framing method that used large, sturdy lumber, often seen in older buildings.

Legacy Era

A construction era characterized by larger interior spaces.

High surface-to-mass ratio

A building with a large surface area compared to its weight.

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Predict and communicate

The final step in preventing a building collapse is not just prediction, but effective communication.

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Gusset plate

A triangular piece of metal used to connect beams in a truss.

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Signs of imminent collapse

Indicators that a building might collapse, including sounds, visible signs, and need for repairs.

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Precautionary withdrawal

A safety precaution where firefighters are ordered to retreat from a dangerous situation.

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Dead load

The weight of the building itself, excluding any contents, people, or equipment.

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Rough-sawn wood

Wood that has been roughly cut, resulting in a slower burning rate.

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Steel beam elongation

The amount a steel beam can expand under high heat.

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Smoke creation

The process of incomplete burning and decomposition that creates smoke.

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Off-gassing

The release of a mixture of particles, gases, and aerosols into the air from a material.

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Ventilation-limited phase

A fire stage where the limited available combustion air restricts fire growth.

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Turbulent smoke flow

Fast-moving smoke in a room, indicating a potential flashover situation.

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Increasing smoke speed

A rapid increase in smoke speed, signaling a possible smoke explosion.

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Smoke as a fire indicator

Observing the smoke volume alone is not enough to assess the severity of a fire.

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Smoke pressurization

The pressure buildup inside a building due to smoke accumulation and convection heat.

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NFPA Standard

A set of standards that defines the qualifications for incident safety officers (ISOs).

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NIMS (National Incident Management System)

A system for managing incidents and coordinating emergency response.

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Stress-related LODD

The leading cause of line-of-duty deaths (LODD) among firefighters.

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LODD contributing factors

Factors that contribute to firefighter deaths, including new construction techniques and society's changing demands.

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Fireground injury trend

The trend in firefighter injuries, despite a decrease in the number of fires.

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Workers' compensation experience modifier

A metric used to assess a company's safety record, based on a three-year period.

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ISO responsibility

The appointment of an ISO does not remove the responsibility of other firefighters.

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MEDIC acronym

The role of the 'D' in the MEDIC acronym stands for 'Develop.'

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HSO (Health and Safety Officer)

A position primarily focused on administration and management of safety procedures.

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NFPA 1561

A standard that outlines the requirements, duties, and responsibilities of an ISO.

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Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5

A presidential directive aimed at strengthening national preparedness for terrorism.

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National Response Framework (NRF)

A framework for national-level response to emergencies, formerly known as National Response Preparedness (NRP).

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NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)

An organization that investigates firefighter deaths to prevent future accidents.

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Study Notes

Essential Building Construction and Fire Growth Concepts

  • Spreader is used to gain entry through a small opening
  • Platform framing was most commonly used during the industrial era
  • The legacy era brought larger interior spaces for most buildings
  • A building with high surface-to-mass ratio would probably have been built during the lightweight era
  • Final step in protecting from collapse is to predict and communicate
  • Gusset plates can fail in trusses in as little as 5 minutes
  • Observations that a collapse might be imminent include settling noises, sagging floors, and roofs, and signs of building repair
  • Precautionary withdrawal can be initiated by ISO or IC
  • Dead load refers to the weight of the building itself
  • Rough sawn wood will have a slower burn rate
  • A 100-foot structural steel beam can elongate up to 10 inches at 1100°F
  • Smoke at a building fire is created by incomplete combustion and pyrolitic decomposition
  • An item releasing a mix of particulates, aerosols, and gases is referred to as off-gassing
  • Ventilation-limited phase in a compartmentalized fire limits available combustion air
  • Turbulent smoke flow that has filled a compartment can be a warning sign for flashover
  • Increasing smoke speed can be a warning sign for a smoke explosion
  • Smoke volume alone does not provide sufficient information about a fire
  • Smoke pressurizes in a building due to smoke volume and convection heat

NFPA Standard and NIMS Safety Officers

  • NFPA standard sets ISO qualifications for NIMS safety officers
  • Most line-of-duty deaths are stress (cardiac) related
  • Contributing factors to LODD include lightweight construction techniques and slow adaptation to societal changes
  • Number of injuries on the fireground is declining, but not as quickly as the number of fires
  • Workers' compensation experience modifier is typically based on a 3-year loss experience
  • The appointment of an ISO does not absolve other firefighters from responsibility
  • In the MEDIC acronym, the D stands for Develop
  • The HSO role is primarily an administrative or managerial position
  • NFPA 1561 lists the ISO requirements, duties, and responsibilities
  • Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 was signed in 2004
  • National Response Framework (NRF) was recently renamed from National Response Preparedness (NRP)
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts LODD examinations to prevent further occurrences

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