Buddhism Sacred Texts: Suttas and Code of Conduct

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What steps did the monks (bikkhus) take to preserve the teachings of the Buddha?

Chanting them during communal meetings and recording them.

How many rules are there for nuns in the monastic rules (Pratimoksa)?

311 rules

What event lead to the expulsion of some groups of monks?

Competition among orders and lineages during Buddhist councils.

Who was the greatest supporter of Buddhism and why did he convert to Buddhism?

King Ashoka; To correct the abuses caused by the war against the Kalinga people. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the decline of Buddhism in Northern India?

Rise of the Turks, who were devout Muslims. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did Buddhism face in terms of syncretism with other belief systems?

The challenge of syncretism, particularly with Hinduism. Signup and view all the answers

What were the efforts of the bhikkus and bhikkunis in preserving Buddha's teachings?

They preserved the Buddha's teachings and established monastic rules (Pratimoka). Signup and view all the answers

Why were Buddhist councils called?

To preserve the unity of the Sangha due to competition among different orders and lineages. Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Third Council held and what was its significance?

The Third Council was held during the reign of King Ashoka in Pataliputra. The Theravada school established itself as an orthodox interpretation of Buddha's teachings. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Second Council?

The group of monks (Mahasanghikas) adhering to more lax rules were defeated and withdrew from the majority of the Buddhist sangha. Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Fourth Council held and what was its main achievement?

The Fourth Council was held in Jullundhar under the reign of King Kanishka. It produced the Mahá-Vibháshá and translated major Buddhist canonical works into Sanskrit. Signup and view all the answers

Which school of Buddhism gained prominence during the Fourth Council?

The Mahayana school gained prominence during the Fourth Council. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major schools of Buddhism?

Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pali Canon also known as in Theravada Buddhism?

Tipitaka Signup and view all the answers

Which school of Buddhism primarily uses the Sanskrit language for its scriptures?

Mahayana Signup and view all the answers

What are the two divisions of the Mahayana canon?

Agamas, Vinayas, Abhidhamma Signup and view all the answers

In which language are the scriptural texts of Vajrayana Buddhism primarily written?

Tibetan Signup and view all the answers

What are the two divisions of the Tibetan canon in Vajrayana Buddhism?

bKángjur, bStan-gyur (Tanjur) Signup and view all the answers