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What was a significant factor that facilitated the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia during the early centuries of the Common Era?
What was a significant factor that facilitated the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia during the early centuries of the Common Era?
Which city in Burma became an important center for Theravada Buddhism due to Indian influence?
Which city in Burma became an important center for Theravada Buddhism due to Indian influence?
Who was the powerful king that made Theravada Buddhism the national religion of Burma in the eleventh century?
Who was the powerful king that made Theravada Buddhism the national religion of Burma in the eleventh century?
What blend of religions did the local people in Southeast Asia begin to practice with the introduction of Buddhism?
What blend of religions did the local people in Southeast Asia begin to practice with the introduction of Buddhism?
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What major construction efforts did King Anawratha undertake to promote Buddhism?
What major construction efforts did King Anawratha undertake to promote Buddhism?
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What type of Buddhism was introduced in northern Burma in later centuries?
What type of Buddhism was introduced in northern Burma in later centuries?
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What was one consequence of the expanded trade between India and Burma from the first century C.E. onwards?
What was one consequence of the expanded trade between India and Burma from the first century C.E. onwards?
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What role did monks play in the spread of Buddhism during King Ashoka's time?
What role did monks play in the spread of Buddhism during King Ashoka's time?
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What role do monks play in education in Cambodia?
What role do monks play in education in Cambodia?
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What influenced the practice of Buddhism in Cambodia around the fourth century?
What influenced the practice of Buddhism in Cambodia around the fourth century?
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During which century did King Jayavarman VII rule, promoting Mahayana Buddhism?
During which century did King Jayavarman VII rule, promoting Mahayana Buddhism?
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What form of Buddhism did Burmese monks teach among the Cambodian people?
What form of Buddhism did Burmese monks teach among the Cambodian people?
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Which of the following structures is associated with King Jayavarman VII?
Which of the following structures is associated with King Jayavarman VII?
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What role did monasteries play in the education of Burmese children?
What role did monasteries play in the education of Burmese children?
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What led to the widespread acceptance of Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia by the mid-fourteenth century?
What led to the widespread acceptance of Theravada Buddhism in Cambodia by the mid-fourteenth century?
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What impact did British colonial rule have on Buddhism in Burma?
What impact did British colonial rule have on Buddhism in Burma?
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What happened to Buddhist education during French colonial rule in the mid-nineteenth century?
What happened to Buddhist education during French colonial rule in the mid-nineteenth century?
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Which Thai king was known for supporting Theravada Buddhism at the end of the thirteenth century?
Which Thai king was known for supporting Theravada Buddhism at the end of the thirteenth century?
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What is the current status of Buddhism in Cambodia due to political unrest?
What is the current status of Buddhism in Cambodia due to political unrest?
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What was a significant educational exchange initiated by King Ramkham-haeng?
What was a significant educational exchange initiated by King Ramkham-haeng?
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What tradition did King Luthai initiate concerning Buddhist monks in Thailand?
What tradition did King Luthai initiate concerning Buddhist monks in Thailand?
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How did Buddhism fare in Thailand despite ongoing wars in the centuries following the thirteenth century?
How did Buddhism fare in Thailand despite ongoing wars in the centuries following the thirteenth century?
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Which aspect of Thai Buddhism has seen reforms since the turn of the present century?
Which aspect of Thai Buddhism has seen reforms since the turn of the present century?
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What effect did the establishment of schools in monasteries have on the Burmese community?
What effect did the establishment of schools in monasteries have on the Burmese community?
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Who was Fa Ngoun and what role did he play in the introduction of Buddhism to Laos?
Who was Fa Ngoun and what role did he play in the introduction of Buddhism to Laos?
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What was the influence of the Thai Buddhist tradition on Laos?
What was the influence of the Thai Buddhist tradition on Laos?
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How did Chinese Buddhism influence Vietnam?
How did Chinese Buddhism influence Vietnam?
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Which form of Buddhism was commonly practised in Vietnam after its unification?
Which form of Buddhism was commonly practised in Vietnam after its unification?
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What impact did the arrival of Indian monks have on southern Vietnam?
What impact did the arrival of Indian monks have on southern Vietnam?
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What hindered the modernization of Buddhism in Vietnam in the present century?
What hindered the modernization of Buddhism in Vietnam in the present century?
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What school of Buddhism was predominant in the monasteries of Vietnam during the early centuries?
What school of Buddhism was predominant in the monasteries of Vietnam during the early centuries?
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What was a significant outcome of Fa Ngoun's marriage to a Cambodian princess?
What was a significant outcome of Fa Ngoun's marriage to a Cambodian princess?
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Who converted the queen of the central Java kingdom to Buddhism in the late fifth century?
Who converted the queen of the central Java kingdom to Buddhism in the late fifth century?
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What was the capital of the Srivijaya kingdom, known for its Buddhist learning?
What was the capital of the Srivijaya kingdom, known for its Buddhist learning?
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Which famous Buddhist monument was built during the rule of the Sailendra kings?
Which famous Buddhist monument was built during the rule of the Sailendra kings?
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What does the ascent of the Borobudur symbolize in Buddhism?
What does the ascent of the Borobudur symbolize in Buddhism?
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Which form of Buddhism gained acceptance alongside Hindu practices in the Srivijaya empire during its prosperous period?
Which form of Buddhism gained acceptance alongside Hindu practices in the Srivijaya empire during its prosperous period?
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What was the dominant religion in Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula by the end of the fifteenth century?
What was the dominant religion in Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula by the end of the fifteenth century?
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When was Buddhism reintroduced to Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula?
When was Buddhism reintroduced to Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula?
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What significant event occurred at the end of the thirteenth century in relation to the religious landscape of the region?
What significant event occurred at the end of the thirteenth century in relation to the religious landscape of the region?
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Study Notes
Buddhism in Southeast Asia
- Buddhism spread in Southeast Asia by the early centuries CE thanks to Indian traders who established trading stations and brought their religions.
- In Burma, King Ashoka sent monks to Thaton to spread Buddhist teachings.
- By the first century CE, trade between India and Burma expanded, bringing more Buddhist missionaries to Thaton.
- Thaton emerged as a crucial center for Theravada Buddhism.
- In northern Burma, Vajrayana Buddhism was introduced alongside Hinduism and local beliefs.
- King Anawratha united northern and southern Burma in the eleventh century and made Theravada Buddhism the national religion.
- Pagan became a center of Buddhist culture under Anawratha and his successors.
- Burmese monks established schools in monasteries, teaching children basic Buddhist teachings, reading, and writing.
- Buddhism continued to grow and became an integral part of the community.
- After independence in the twentieth century, Buddhism regained its traditional importance in Burmese life.
Buddhism in Thailand
- Before the thirteenth century, Thailand consisted of many small independent kingdoms influenced by Buddhism.
- King Ramkhamhaeng of Thailand supported Theravada Buddhism in the late thirteenth century.
- He established ties with Sri Lanka by sending monks to study there.
- The tradition of appointing a Sangha chief to oversee the monastic community started under Ramkhamhaeng.
- King Luthai, another devout Buddhist, initiated the tradition of Buddhists becoming monks for limited periods, typically around three months.
- Buddhism continued to grow and enjoy state support despite wars that occurred.
- Today, the Thai Order remains influential, emphasizing Buddhist education and extending monks' roles to include secular education.
Buddhism in Cambodia
- Indian influence spread throughout Cambodia by the fourth century CE.
- Rulers practiced Hinduism but supported Buddhist communities, mainly practicing Mahayana Buddhism.
- Cambodian monks were learned and some traveled to China in the fifth century to translate Buddhist texts.
- In the seventh century, Hinduism was favored and Buddhism suppressed.
- Buddhism received royal patronage in the ninth century.
- King Jayavarman VII, a devout Buddhist, made Mahayana Buddhism the dominant religion in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
- He built Angkor Thom with the Bayon temple in the center, portraying himself as the "Buddha-king."
- Burmese monks introduced Theravada Buddhism among the common people.
- The Thai invasion in the fourteenth century contributed to the spread of Theravada Buddhism.
- Theravada Buddhism became widespread in Cambodia by the mid-fourteenth century.
- Buddhism remained a core practice despite French colonial rule.
- Uncertainties remain about the future of Buddhism in Cambodia due to political unrest.
Buddhism in Laos
- Buddhism was introduced to Laos in the fourteenth century through Fa Ngoun, a royal descendant exiled in Cambodia.
- Fa Ngoun was raised by a Cambodian monk and returned to Laos with the help of the Cambodian king.
- Fa Ngoun, at his Buddhist wife's request, invited Cambodian monks to teach in his kingdom.
- Thai Buddhist tradition also influenced Laos, with monks studying in Thailand.
Buddhism in Vietnam
- In early centuries, Vietnam comprised small states influenced by Buddhism from China.
- Early monks arrived from China in the second century CE, followed by monks from India and Central Asia.
- The Pure Land school of Buddhism was practiced alongside worship of native deities.
- The Chan school of Buddhism flourished in monasteries and among scholars.
- The southern states were exposed to Indian influence and practiced both Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism.
- When Vietnam unified, the Chinese form of Buddhism became widely practiced.
- Buddhism underwent some modernization in the early twentieth century, emphasizing Buddhist national organizations and education, interrupted by wars.
- Under Communist rule, this modernization process was halted.
Buddhism in Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula
- A Buddhist monk from India is said to have converted a queen in a central Java kingdom in the fifth century CE.
- The queen converted her son and made Mahayana Buddhism the official religion.
- In the seventh century, a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, Yi-jing, found Buddhism widely accepted in Sumatra, with Palembang as an important center for Buddhist learning.
- The Sailendra kings, Buddhist rulers of central Java in the eighth century, constructed numerous Buddhist monuments, including Borobudur.
- Borobudur, completed in the ninth century, symbolizes the journey from Samsara to Nirvana through its architecture and carvings.
- A Sailendra prince became the king of Srivijaya in the mid-ninth century, expanding its territory and wealth.
- Vajrayana Buddhism gained popularity throughout the empire, alongside Hindu practices, during this period of prosperity.
- Islam was established in Sumatra in the late thirteenth century, rapidly spreading to Java and the Malay Peninsula.
- Buddhism declined in popularity and by the end of the fifteenth century, Islam dominated Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula.
- Buddhism was reintroduced in the nineteenth century by Chinese, Sri Lankan and other immigrants.
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Description
This quiz explores the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia, focusing on the significant roles of Indian traders and historical figures like King Ashoka and King Anawratha. It highlights how Buddhism became integral to Burmese culture, education, and community life. Test your knowledge on the different Buddhist traditions established in the region.
