18 Questions
What is the main mechanism of bubble deck slab?
Arch action
Which type of Bubble Deck unit involves a precast concrete layer with steel reinforcement, supporting bubbles with makeshift supports?
Filigree elements
What distinguishes Type-C Bubble Deck units from Type-A and Type-B units?
Utilizes load or support beams
What is the purpose of the 'bubble lattice' in Type-B Bubble Deck reinforcement modules?
Provide shear reinforcement
How are the reinforcement modules transported to the construction site?
Assembled parts
Which type of Bubble Deck unit is a one-way spanning design that requires load or support beams?
Finished planks
Which country's building regulations first acknowledged Bubble Deck as a permissible construction system?
Denmark
Which German institute confirmed that Bubble Deck could be built using existing technical procedures and rules?
Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik
In a solid concrete slab, which components contribute to the flexural stiffness during bending?
The top compressive component (stress block) and the bottom reinforcing steel
In a Bubble Deck slab, what material is used in place of the inefficient concrete in the middle of the flexural slab?
Hollow HDPE spheres
How is the Bubble Deck slab designed to accommodate the stress block during bending?
The slab is constructed such that the bubble zone is encased in cement layers of approximately equal depth as a stress block in a solid slab
According to tests mentioned in the text, what percentage of intrusion of the stress block into the bubble zone has little impact on the Bubble Deck's effectiveness?
20%
In which year was Bubble Deck incorporated into the Dutch standards NEN 6720 by the Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes (CUR) Committee 86?
2001
Which organization granted Bubble Deck the KOMO Certificate K22722/01 in 2002?
Kiwa N.V.
Which organization granted approval for the incorporation of Bubble Deck into BS8110 in 1997?
Concrete Research & Innovation Centre (CRIC)
Which of the following statements is true regarding Bubble Deck's certification in the United Kingdom?
Bubble Deck was incorporated into BS8110 by the Concrete Research & Innovation Centre (CRIC) in 1997.
Which European authority is NOT mentioned in the text as having certified Bubble Deck?
British Standards Institution (BSI)
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is NOT true?
Bubble Deck was incorporated into Eurocode 2 by the European Organization for Technical Approvals (EOTA) in 2002.
Study Notes
Design Criteria for Bubble Deck Slabs
- The maximum deviation under service loads determines the design of the Bubble Deck system.
- The dimensions are controlled by the span (L) to effective depth (d) ratio (L/d) according to BS8110 or EC2.
- The L/d ratio can be adjusted by adding a factor of 1.5 to account for the lower dead weight of Bubble Deck slabs compared to solid concrete slabs.
Standard Thicknesses and Certifications
- Bubble Deck slabs come in five standard thicknesses: 230 mm, 300 mm, 350 mm, 450 mm, and up to 510 mm and 600 mm for specific designs pending KOMO certification.
- Bubble Deck has been certified by several European authorities, including the Netherlands, UK, Denmark, and Germany.
Types of Bubble Deck Slabs
- Filigree Elements (Type-A): a precast concrete layer with steel reinforcement and bubbles, serving as part of the completed depth and formwork.
- Reinforcement Modules (Type-B): a pre-assembled plastic bubble lattice sandwiched between steel mesh.
- Finished Planks (Type-C): manufactured at a shop with silicone spherical, reinforcing mesh, and concrete in its completed form.
Schematic Design
- The Bubble Deck system consists of a standard biaxial flat slab directly supported by columns.
- The system includes a standard biaxial flat slab backed by pillars.
Structural Behavior
- The mechanism of Bubble Deck slabs lies in the arch action and flow of loads.
- The slab is designed to be a level slab that spans two directions.
- The bubble zone is encased in cement layers, with the stress block reaching the bubble zone under stress.
Comparison with Solid Concrete Slabs
- The Bubble Deck system uses hollow HDPE spheres instead of inefficient concrete in the middle of the slab.
- Tests have shown that intrusion of up to 20% has little impact on the Bubble Deck's effectiveness.
Learn about how the Bubble Deck system was approved for construction standards in Denmark and Germany. Explore the guidelines, regulations, and technical procedures involved in implementing this innovative flat slab system.
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