Podcast
Questions and Answers
When utilizing the Functional Assessment Observation Form, what is the significance of the numbers assigned to each behavior occurrence?
When utilizing the Functional Assessment Observation Form, what is the significance of the numbers assigned to each behavior occurrence?
What is the primary function of the Functional Assessment Observation Form?
What is the primary function of the Functional Assessment Observation Form?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between antecedents and consequences in functional behavior analysis?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between antecedents and consequences in functional behavior analysis?
In the context of interpreting data from a Functional Behavior Assessment, what is the significance of comparing information gathered from different sources?
In the context of interpreting data from a Functional Behavior Assessment, what is the significance of comparing information gathered from different sources?
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Why is it crucial to conduct a functional analysis when interpreting FBA data?
Why is it crucial to conduct a functional analysis when interpreting FBA data?
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What is the primary purpose of a functional analysis?
What is the primary purpose of a functional analysis?
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Which of the following is NOT a condition typically tested in a traditional functional analysis?
Which of the following is NOT a condition typically tested in a traditional functional analysis?
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How does a functional analysis differ from other assessment procedures?
How does a functional analysis differ from other assessment procedures?
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What is the significance of Brian Iwata's 1994 research on functional analysis?
What is the significance of Brian Iwata's 1994 research on functional analysis?
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Why is a thorough initial assessment crucial before conducting a functional analysis?
Why is a thorough initial assessment crucial before conducting a functional analysis?
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When an individual's behaviour is maintained by the removal of an aversive stimulus, which function is being demonstrated?
When an individual's behaviour is maintained by the removal of an aversive stimulus, which function is being demonstrated?
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In the context of the text, what is the primary purpose of administering a rating scale to multiple individuals?
In the context of the text, what is the primary purpose of administering a rating scale to multiple individuals?
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If a child repeatedly engages in tantrums to gain access to a desired toy, which function is most likely contributing to the behaviour?
If a child repeatedly engages in tantrums to gain access to a desired toy, which function is most likely contributing to the behaviour?
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The Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) assesses potential motivations for behaviour across four sub-scales. Which of these is NOT a sub-scale measured by the MAS?
The Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) assesses potential motivations for behaviour across four sub-scales. Which of these is NOT a sub-scale measured by the MAS?
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Which of the following learning contingencies best describes the scenario where a child continues to engage in disruptive behaviour even without receiving any observable external consequences?
Which of the following learning contingencies best describes the scenario where a child continues to engage in disruptive behaviour even without receiving any observable external consequences?
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Which of the following is NOT a method used in a traditional Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
Which of the following is NOT a method used in a traditional Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
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What is the main difference between the Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and the Practical Functional Assessment (PFA)?
What is the main difference between the Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and the Practical Functional Assessment (PFA)?
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According to the information provided, what is the primary purpose of the "Brief observation" step in the Practical Functional Assessment (PFA)?
According to the information provided, what is the primary purpose of the "Brief observation" step in the Practical Functional Assessment (PFA)?
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Which of the following features is NOT a characteristic of the Practical Functional Assessment (PFA) approach?
Which of the following features is NOT a characteristic of the Practical Functional Assessment (PFA) approach?
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Based on the text, what does the acronym "IISCA" stand for?
Based on the text, what does the acronym "IISCA" stand for?
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Study Notes
BST 1030: Week 4, Class 1
- Class session held Tuesday, January 28th, 2025
- Topics covered include: content review, indirect assessment tools, direct assessment tools, and functional analysis methods.
Agenda for Today
- Review of content from 3.2
- Discussion on indirect assessment tools
- Discussion on direct assessment tools
- Discussion on functional analysis methods
Processes When Assessing for Reduction
- Indirect Assessment: Least intrusive and accurate
- Direct Assessment:
- Functional Analysis: Most intrusive and accurate
Indirect Assessment Tools
- FAI (Functional Assessment Interview)
- QABF (Questions About Behavioural Function)
- FAST (Functional Assessment Screening Tool)
- MAS (Motivation Assessment Scale)
Functional Assessment Interview (FAI)
- Advantages: Helpful in determining next steps, easy to use/minimal training needed, open-ended format for follow-up questions.
- Disadvantages: Requires experience to be effective, limited training can lead to less rich information, anecdotal information isn’t objective, and bias is possible.
Completed FAI Example (O'Neill et al., 2015)
- Example of a completed Functional Assessment Interview
Hypothesizing Function from the FAI
- Develop a hypothesis from the interview that explains what is maintaining the interfering behaviour(s).
- Understand the typical operant learning contingency of a function.
Typical Operant Learning Contingencies by Function
- Attention: Attention not available—behaviour occurs—attention provided
- Access: Tangible not available—behaviour occurs—tangible provided
- Escape/Avoid: Aversive stimulus presented—behaviour occurs—aversive stimulus removed
- Automatic: Undifferentiated—behaviour occurs—no clear external consequence
Rating Scales
- Designed to identify antecedents and consequences of problem behaviors.
- Often use yes/no or Likert scale formats.
- Typically administered to more than one person to reduce bias.
Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS)
- 16-item questionnaire related to behavioural motivations.
- Each item rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never to always).
- Yields 4 sub-scales: attention, escape, tangible, and sensory
Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST)
- Uses forced-choice (yes/no) rather than a Likert scale.
- 27 items assessing attention, activity, escape, sensory stimulation, and pain attenuation.
ABC Data Collection
- A-B-C (antecedent, behavior, consequence) method to identify the events surrounding and influencing interfering behaviours.
- Can use a narrative or structured approach
- Collect data across multiple settings and times.
ABC Data: Narrative/Anecdotal
- Written description of environmental events (antecedents and consequences) immediately surrounding behaviours.
- Advantages: Flexible and detailed record
- Disadvantages: Prone to bias and time-consuming
ABC Data: Structured
- Specific options listed for antecedents, behaviours, and consequences.
- Observer checks off the events.
- Advantages: Efficient and minimizes observer bias.
- Disadvantages: May not provide enough descriptive detail.
Scatterplots
- Graphic inspection technique showing response frequencies over time.
- Useful for identifying patterns in when a behavior is more likely to occur.
- Allows for visual inspection of times of day or days when behaviors are most likely.
Functional Analysis
- Detailed procedure for determining the function of a behaviour. - Brian Iwata (1994) is a key figure in this area and has a recognised article.
- Uses multiple conditions (e.g., attention, escape).
- The traditional method tests 5 separate conditions to isolate and identify behaviour functions.
Variations on Traditional Functional Analysis
- Brief functional analysis.
- Trial-based and latency-based methods to make it quicker, safer, and more nuanced
- Using synthetic contingencies (e.g. IISCA/Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis)
Comparing FBA & PFA
- FBA (Functional Behavior Assessment): Often lengthy, requires substantial resources, assesses multiple conditions individually, requires evaluation before intervention
- PFA (Practical Functional Assessment): Easier and faster method, uses fewer conditions, can immediately develop intervention plans
Interpreting FBA Data
- Antecedents predict, but consequences provide most information.
- Consider if high-frequency antecedents/consequences might be related but not sufficient for a hypothesis on a single observation session.
The FBA Process (Continued)
- Indirect assessment procedures (intake, documentation review, interviews, rating scales, questionnaires)
- Direct assessment procedures (collecting ABC data, baseline data)
- Hypothesis testing (e.g. functional analysis)
- Concluding with summary assessment of results leading to behavioral objectives
What is a Summary Statement?
- Summarizing information gathered from multiple assessment methods.
- Identifying likely functions of target behaviour.
Summary Statement Framework
- Structure guideline for creating summary statements.
What is a Behavioural Objective?
- Clearly outlining goals for changing a behaviour.
- Clear, measurable, observable, and contextual behaviours that are set for improvement. Note the relevant criteria, and how to measure success of intervention.
Setting Measurable Criteria for Change
- Determining end goals for behaviours - some behaviours might have zero occurrences, while others might still occur (such as calling out in class).
Behavioural Objectives for Reduction Targets
- Specific examples of behavioural objectives for reducing specific behaviours (e.g., spitting, crying).
What You Should Know
- Purpose of rating scales in functional assessment.
- Naming and use of common rating scales.
- Purpose of ABC data collection.
- Narrative and structured data collection methods.
- Steps in functional analysis.
- Variations in functional analysis and their pros/cons.
- Developing summary statements and behavioural objectives based on assessment and baseline data.
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Description
This quiz covers the key topics discussed in BST 1030 during Week 4, Class 1, held on January 28th, 2025. Participants will reflect on indirect and direct assessment tools, as well as functional analysis methods. Test your understanding of these critical assessment techniques and their applications.
