BSN 2YB NCMA219 PEDIA LEC Midterm Coverage Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the potential consequence of fluid going to the pharynx-trachea when inhaling and swallowing milk simultaneously?

Lethargy (correct)

Excessive drooling

Cyanosis

Abdominal distention

What is the possible result of a tracheoesophageal fistula in a newborn?

Inability to suck (correct)

Neurologic impairment

Absence of ganglion cells

Neural tube defect

What can be inferred when a newborn exhibits bile-stained vomitus?

Neurological impairment

Presence of ganglion cells

Hirschsprung disease (correct)

Lack of oxygen on hemoglobin

Why might a newborn with a neural tube defect exhibit sac or dimpling at the lower back?

Spinal cord displacement Signup and view all the answers

What effect can occur in the colon due to aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) in a newborn?

Abdominal distention Signup and view all the answers

Why might a newborn with a tracheoesophageal fistula exhibit aspiration?

Failure to suck properly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of infants with Expiratory grunting?

Difficulty in feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of managing Expiratory grunting in babies?

Implementing fluid restriction Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disorder is commonly known as 'trisomy 21'?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how common is Down syndrome among live births?

1 in 691 to 1000 Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication may be used for newborns with Expiratory grunting?

Inhaled beta2-antagonist salbutamol Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a high-risk newborn?

A newborn with conditions beyond normal events related to birth Signup and view all the answers

Why is screening pregnant women for risk factors important?

To identify infants who may need specialized care at birth Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a newborn to be considered high risk?

Being born underweight for gestational age Signup and view all the answers

Which condition makes a newborn high risk?

Being born post-term with complications Signup and view all the answers

Why might a seemingly healthy infant require specialized care?

Even if they develop problems over the first few days of life Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to an infant who has a higher likelihood of morbidity or mortality?

High-risk infant Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies according to the text?

Take a tour of the neonatal intensive care unit during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How do most parents initially handle newborn babies, according to the text?

Tentatively until they have 'claimed' them Signup and view all the answers

Why might parents take days or weeks to handle their ill newborn comfortably and confidently?

Concerns about hurting the infant and the number of tubes involved in care Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized regarding parents' time spent with their infant in the intensive care nursery?

Spend as much time as possible with the infant, especially as the infant improves Signup and view all the answers

What should parents have access to after discharge to care confidently for the infant at home?

Continuing access to healthcare personnel after discharge Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is used for salt-wasting form in patients?

Aldosterone replacement Signup and view all the answers

Which ocular disorders can patients receiving glucocorticoids develop?

Cataracts and glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme lacking in phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Phenylalanine hydroxylase Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for metabolism and reproduction in epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

What can high doses of glucocorticoids acting on mineralocorticoid receptors cause?

Hypertension and edema Signup and view all the answers

Which organ does cortisol act on when it functions as a glucocorticoid?

Adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Distress

Expiratory grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, and difficulty in feeding are signs of respiratory distress in newborns
Chest radiograph or ultrasound may be necessary for diagnosis and management
Close monitoring of respiratory status is crucial to prevent serious problems
Oxygen therapy may be necessary depending on the oxygen level
Fluid restriction until stable, and NPO (nothing by mouth) may be necessary if the baby has tachypnea

Down Syndrome

Also known as Trisomy 21, a genetic disorder caused by extra genetic material from chromosome 21
Most common genetic chromosomal disorder (1 in 691 to 1000 live births)
Causes intellectual disability and developmental delay, varying in severity
No known cause, but evidence suggests cytogenic and multiple causality factors

Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula

Abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea
Air inhaled can enter the esophagus and stomach, causing abdominal distension
Feeding is contraindicated due to risk of aspiration
Sac or dimpling at the lower back may indicate neural tube defect (spina bifida)

Other Newborn Complications

Absent or sluggish Moro reflex may indicate neurologic impairment
Twitching, seizures, or tremors may be signs of brain damage
Bile-stained vomitus may indicate aganglionic mega colon (Hirschsprung disease)
Lethargy, failure to suck, and cyanosis are also potential complications in newborns

High-Risk Newborns

Defined as newborns with a greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality
Identification of high-risk newborns is crucial for specialized care
Screening for risk factors during pregnancy is essential

Establishment of Infant-Parent Relationship

Tour of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during pregnancy can be helpful
Parents should spend time with their infant in the intensive care nursery
Continuing access to healthcare personnel after discharge is crucial for confident care at home

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Description

Prepare for your Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2nd year 2nd semester midterm exam with this quiz covering topics such as newborn care, high risk newborns, acute conditions, congenital heart defects, respiratory dysfunction, and more.