BSN 2nd Year Pharmacology Prelim 2021

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacology?

Study of the effects of substances in animals

Study of medical ethics

Study of drug interactions in the body (correct)

Study of human diseases

Who is known as the Father of American Pharmacology?

Louis Pasteur

William Osler

Fredrich Serturner

John Jacob Abel (correct)

What substance did Fredrich Serturner first isolate?

Morphine (correct)

Caffeine

Quinine

Aspirin

What component of pharmacology studies the absorption and excretion of drugs?

Pharmacokinetics Signup and view all the answers

In which century was the term pharmacology first officially recorded?

Early 1800s Signup and view all the answers

What practice involves isolating specific substances from complex mixtures?

Chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of studying the effects of substances in animals within pharmacology?

To understand the effects on humans Signup and view all the answers

What medical condition were acacia leaves traditionally used to treat?

Internal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which site is considered the preferred intramuscular injection site for infants aged 1 year or younger?

Vastus lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when crushing tablets for administration?

Tablets that are sustained-release Signup and view all the answers

How should an ophthalmic ointment be administered?

Discard the first bead before application Signup and view all the answers

For administering otic medications, what is a recommended step before application?

Warm the medication between hands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the deltoid muscle as an injection site?

It is close to major nerves and arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if a client vomits after medication administration?

Report to the charge nurse, MD, or both Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring adequate absorption of medication?

The right route of administration Signup and view all the answers

What does a signed waiver from the patient indicate regarding medication?

The patient has the right to refuse taking the medication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common route for medication administration?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines the 'right dose' of medication?

The precise amount prescribed for the client Signup and view all the answers

How often should medications prescribed as 'twice a day' typically be administered?

Every 12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do before administering medication to ensure safety?

Collect appropriate assessment data Signup and view all the answers

For medications prescribed as 'three times a day', how should the nurse plan administration?

Spread evenly throughout waking hours Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a nurse to understand the reason for a patient's medication refusal?

To facilitate the client taking the medication appropriately Signup and view all the answers

How should a charge nurse respond to medication orders during high-pressure situations?

Ensure that proper charting is done despite time constraints Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'inscription' refer to in the context of medication prescription?

The name and details of the prescribed medication Signup and view all the answers

Which element of a prescription specifies the directions for the patient?

Sigma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of client teaching associated with medication administration?

Therapeutic purpose and side effects Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'superscription' represent on a prescription?

The Latin term meaning 'to take' Signup and view all the answers

When must nurses perform right documentation regarding medication administration?

Immediately after the medication is administered Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following information is NOT typically included in the right documentation?

The patient's medical history Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for patients to understand possible side effects of their medication?

To ensure they can report any adverse reactions promptly Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'side effect' refer to?

An unintended effect of a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the 'chemical name' of a drug?

A designation that describes the atomic or chemical structure Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Right documentation' emphasize in nursing practice?

Recording all medication details accurately and promptly Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of drug toxicity?

Adverse reactions such as liver or kidney damage Signup and view all the answers

What is included in client teaching in relation to medication administration?

Skills for correct administration and monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to evaluate patients frequently when prescribing drugs?

To monitor for potential side effects and toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically covered during client education regarding medications?

Cultural perceptions of the medication Signup and view all the answers

What does a brand name of a drug signify?

A marketing name assigned by the manufacturer Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a side effect of antibiotics?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is also known as Tylenol?

Acetaminophen Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if a patient overdoses on medication?

Increased risk of adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with incorrect dosage computation for a patient?

It may cause underdosing or overdosing Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adverse effect' describe?

A severe side effect requiring reevaluation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Concepts of Pharmacology

Pharmacology studies drugs, covering their origins, chemical structures, actions, metabolism, and excretion.
Includes understanding how drugs are prepared and their effects on humans and animals.
Fredrich Serturner first isolated morphine from opium; he tested its pain-relieving effects on himself and friends.
John Jacob Abel is known as the Father of American Pharmacology, establishing the first pharmacology department at the University of Michigan in 1890.

Drug Terminology

Acacia leaves are used traditionally to treat internal bleeding.
Paracetamol standard example of drug origins and effects; also known by brand names like Panadol and Biogesic.
Chemical Name describes the atomic structure, e.g., N-acetyl-p-aminophenol for acetaminophen.
Brand Name refers to names given by manufacturers, distinct yet often similar effects across brands.

Drug Effects

Side Effects are unintended, e.g., antibiotics causing diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting.
Adverse Effects are severe versions of side effects that require patient evaluation and monitoring.
Drug Toxicity results from overdose, misuse, or accumulation in the body affecting various organs.

Rights in Medication Administration

Includes knowing the Right Patient, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time, Right Assessment, Right Documentation, and Right to Refuse treatments.
Documentation must be immediate and accurate, including drug name, dosage, and route.

Medication Dosage and Routes

Importance of administering the correct dosage to avoid overdose, especially in pediatric patients.
Key routes for medication administration include:
- Oral, Sublingual, Buccal, Inhalation, Topical, Instillation (e.g., eyedrops), Suppository.
Highlight the significance of timing in drug dosing, commonly expressed as b.i.d (twice daily), t.i.d (three times daily), or q.i.d (four times daily).

Administration Techniques

Liquid Medications: Mix before pouring and measure at eye level.
Intramuscular Sites: Includes Ventrogluteal, Vastus Lateralis, Dorsogluteal, Deltoid, and Rectus Femoris with specific guidelines for each site regarding age and technique.
Ophthalmic Medications: Clean eyelid first, instill drops in the lower conjunctival sac, and ensure proper technique post-application.
Otic Medications: Clean the ear canal, warm medication, and adjust ear canal during administration appropriately.

Signs of Drug Toxicity

Indications include hepatotoxicity (liver damage) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage); respond immediately to patient symptoms like vomiting.

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Description

This quiz covers the preliminary examination content for the Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2nd year, 1st semester. Topics include acacia leaves for treating internal bleeding, basic pharmacology concepts, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Assess your knowledge on these essential nursing pharmacology subjects.