BSN 1-F Chapter 4: Tissues
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of exocrine glands?

  • They are always unicellular in structure.
  • They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
  • They have ducts that allow secretion onto surfaces or into cavities. (correct)
  • They are comprised exclusively of connective tissue.

    • Which type of secretion involves the release of secretory products through the shedding of the entire cell?

  • Holocrine secretion (correct)
  • Apocrine secretion
  • Merocrine secretion
  • Endocrine secretion

    • How can multicellular exocrine glands be classified?

  • According to the structure of their ducts and secretory regions. (correct)
  • Based solely on the number of cells involved.
  • Only by the type of secretion method.
  • Only by the types of hormones they secrete.

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue?

    <p>It consists of cells that are closely packed together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines simple exocrine glands?

    <p>They have a single non-branched duct. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes exocrine glands that have both tubular and saclike structures?

    <p>Tubuloacinar glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands secretes products directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Endocrine glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a feature of connective tissue?

    <p>It mainly consists of tightly packed cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoblasts in connective tissue?

    <p>To form bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a lacy network with numerous spaces filled with ground substance?

    <p>Loose connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages play in connective tissue?

    <p>Ingest foreign substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the extracellular matrix allows connective tissue to return to its original shape after being compressed?

    <p>Proteoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in connective tissue is primarily responsible for inflammation?

    <p>Mast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fibroblasts primarily responsible for in connective tissue?

    <p>Forming fibrous connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance fills the spaces in loose connective tissue?

    <p>Ground substance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue is responsible for energy storage?

    <p>Adipose tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chondroblasts in connective tissue?

    <p>To form cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary cells found in loose connective tissue?

    <p>Fibroblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

    <p>Facilitate movement through contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle attaches to the skeleton and enables body movement?

    <p>Skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes skeletal muscle cells from other muscle types?

    <p>They are striated and voluntary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is found in the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone tissue resembles a sponge due to its structure?

    <p>Spongy bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes compact bone best?

    <p>Solid with a dense mineralized matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are located within the lacunae of bone tissue?

    <p>Osteocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the contractile proteins found within muscle cells?

    <p>To enable contraction and movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of smooth muscle?

    <p>Moving food through the digestive tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Tapered at each end with a single nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues do mucous membranes line?

    <p>Cavities that open to the outside of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of serous membranes?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium, its basement membrane, and loose connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the skin?

    <p>An external body surface membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly lists a function of mucous membranes?

    <p>Protection, absorption, and secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cavities do serous membranes line?

    <p>Cavities that do not open to the exterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue primarily comprises the nervous system?

    <p>Nervous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts that compose a neuron?

    <p>Cell body, dendrites, and axon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue membrane secretes a small amount of fluid to lubricate its surface?

    <p>Serous membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily comprises synovial membranes?

    <p>Modified connective tissue cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four tissue membranes in the body?

    <p>Epithelial membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synovial fluid?

    <p>To reduce friction between joint surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue primarily coordinates and controls body activities?

    <p>Nervous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of serous membranes?

    <p>They do not contain glands but secrete serous fluid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue membranes cover structures or line cavities?

    <p>Tissue membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glands

    • Glands are secretory organs that release substances onto surfaces, into cavities, or into the bloodstream.
    • Composed mainly of epithelial tissue supported by connective tissue.
    • Exocrine glands have ducts and can have single or multicellular structures.
    • Exocrine secretions can occur via:
      • Merocrine: exocytosis of secretory products.
      • Apocrine: pinching off of gland cell fragments.
      • Holocrine: shedding of entire cells.
    • Endocrine glands are ductless, secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream.
    • Simple exocrine glands have a single, non-branched duct; compound glands have multiple branched ducts.
    • Tubular glands are tube-shaped; acinar glands are sac-like; tubuloacinar and tubuloalveolar combine features.

    Connective Tissue

    • Connective tissue is a diverse tissue type present in every organ.
    • Composed of cells separated by abundant extracellular matrix, differing from epithelia.
    • Major functions include enclosing and separating tissues, supporting and connecting parts, storing compounds, cushioning, insulating, and protecting.

    Connective Tissue Cells

    • Specialized cells in connective tissue create the extracellular matrix.
    • Osteoblasts build bone; osteocytes maintain bone; osteoclasts break down bone.
    • Fibroblasts form fibrous connective tissue; fibrocytes maintain it.
    • Chondroblasts form cartilage; chondrocytes maintain cartilage.
    • Immune system cells present include white blood cells (macrophages and mast cells).

    Extracellular Matrix

    • Composed of protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid.
    • Ground substance is shapeless and contains non-fibrous molecules and proteoglycans, which trap water.
    • Structure of the matrix dictates the functional characteristics of connective tissue.

    Types of Connective Tissue

    • Two main types: embryonic and adult connective tissue.
    • By eight weeks of development, most embryonic connective tissues mature into adult types.
    • Loose connective tissue features a lacy network with abundant ground substance; includes areolar, adipose, and reticular types.
    • Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes for lipid storage.

    Muscle Tissue

    • Muscle tissue is responsible for contraction and movement, utilizing contractile proteins.
    • Three types of muscle tissue:
      • Skeletal: Striated, attached to skeleton, enables voluntary movement.
      • Cardiac: Forms heart muscle, responsible for pumping blood, involuntary.
      • Smooth: Non-striated, found in hollow organs, controls involuntary functions.

    Tissue Membranes

    • Membranes are thin layers of tissue covering structures or lining cavities.
    • Composed of epithelial tissue overlaying connective tissue.
    • Four types of membranes:
      • Cutaneous: External skin surface.
      • Mucous: Lines cavities open to the exterior; includes layers for protection and secretion.
      • Serous: Lines closed cavities; does not open to the outside; secretes serous fluid for lubrication.
      • Synovial: Lines joints; made of modified connective tissue, producing synovial fluid for smooth joint movement.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, coordinating body activities.
    • Made up of neurons (conducting action potentials) and glial cells (supporting cells).
    • Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 4 of the BSN 1-F curriculum, covering the concept of glands and specifically exocrine glands. It will assess your understanding of the functions and classifications of these secretory organs. Prepare to explore the essential roles glands play in the human body.

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