Upper Limb Anatomy Quiz: Muscles of the Upper Limb BSMS Module 204

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Questions and Answers

Which tendons insert into the distal phalanges of digits 2-5?

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (correct)

Extensor digitorum tendons

Extensor carpi radialis tendons

During an ultrasound examination of the shoulder, where should the probe be placed to image the rotator cuff muscles?

Over the glenohumeral joint (correct)

Over the knee joint

Over the elbow joint

Over the wrist joint

What is a common clinical use of ultrasound in musculoskeletal clinics?

Assessing eye health

Diagnosing skin conditions

Guiding injections or biopsies (correct)

Checking dental health

In which position should the arm be during ultrasound imaging of the rotator cuff muscles?

Medially rotated position Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the pathologies that can be identified using ultrasound imaging of the upper limb?

Ganglion cysts Signup and view all the answers

Where should the probe be placed for imaging the supraspinatus muscle during abduction of the arm?

Over the medial arm Signup and view all the answers

When imaging the forearm at the elbow joint, in which position should the forearm be?

Supinated Signup and view all the answers

Which structures should be identified during ultrasound imaging of the anterior forearm and carpal tunnel?

Capitulum, head of the radius, and common extensor origin muscles Signup and view all the answers

How should the arm be positioned for ultrasound imaging of the supraspinatus muscle?

Arm abducted to 30–40 degrees Signup and view all the answers

During ultrasound imaging of the arm, in which position is it easier to image the medial side?

Arm abducted Signup and view all the answers

Where should the probe be placed for imaging the brachial artery and veins?

Over the medial arm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome of the living anatomy session on the upper limb?

Demonstrate how to perform an ultrasound examination on the upper limb Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Saddle joint Signup and view all the answers

What limb movements can cause rotation at the sternoclavicular joint?

Abduction and adduction of the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple clinical test for assessing the function of the deltoid muscle?

Ask the person to abduct their glenohumeral joint against resistance Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the acromioclavicular joint move when you abduct your arm above your head?

Laterally Signup and view all the answers

By asking a patient to perform abduction of the glenohumeral joint against resistance, which nerve are you primarily testing?

Axillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which test can be used to assess muscle function in a clinical setting?

Observing muscle strength during a hand grip test Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for causing flexion at the elbow joint?

Biceps and Brachialis Signup and view all the answers

Where can you identify the muscles, vessels, and nerves of the upper limb using ultrasound?

Along the borders of the anatomical snuff box Signup and view all the answers

In the half-pronated position, which muscle performs flexion at the elbow joint?

Brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the radius in relation to the ulna when the forearm is pronated?

The radius crosses over the ulna Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bones are involved in forming the radiocarpal joint of the wrist?

Scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum Signup and view all the answers

Which joints in the hand are classified as condylar joints?

Metacarpophalangeal joints Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is found between the scaphoid bone and other carpal bones?

Synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is best palpated in the anatomical snuff box?

Extensor pollicis longus Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the palmar interossei muscles on the digits?

Adduction Signup and view all the answers

Which tendons are best identified on the dorsal side of the hand with the digits extended?

Extensor digitorum tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical test to assess the palmar interossei muscle integrity?

Ask the patient to oppose thumb and little finger Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Insertions

Extensor digitorum communis and profundus tendons insert into the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Ultrasound Imaging

To image the rotator cuff muscles, the ultrasound probe should be placed on the shoulder
Ultrasound is commonly used in musculoskeletal clinics for diagnostic purposes
The arm should be in the neutral or slightly abducted position during ultrasound imaging of the rotator cuff muscles
One of the pathologies that can be identified using ultrasound imaging of the upper limb is rotator cuff tendinopathy

Imaging Techniques

To image the supraspinatus muscle, the probe should be placed on the shoulder during abduction of the arm
The forearm should be in the pronated position during ultrasound imaging at the elbow joint
During ultrasound imaging of the anterior forearm and carpal tunnel, the median nerve, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor digitorum superficialis should be identified
To image the brachial artery and veins, the probe should be placed medial to the biceps muscle

Joint Anatomy

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle-type joint
Rotation at the sternoclavicular joint occurs during movements such as elevating the arm above the head
The deltoid muscle function can be assessed using a simple clinical test where the patient resists downward pressure on the arm

Muscle Functions

The biceps brachii and brachialis muscles are responsible for flexion at the elbow joint
In the half-pronated position, the biceps brachii performs flexion at the elbow joint
The palmar interossei muscles flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints
The tendons of the extensor digitorum communis and profundus are best identified on the dorsal side of the hand with the digits extended
The palmar interossei muscle integrity can be assessed using a clinical test where the patient is asked to hold a piece of paper between their fingers

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Description

Study the joints, muscles, and movements of the upper limb in this living anatomy session. Learn to identify skeletal components, describe range of movements, and determine functions using ultrasound examination.

BSMS Module 204: Living Anatomy of the Upper Limb