BS332: Biomembranes and Bioenergetics

<p>Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar amino acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oxidation of glucose to pyruvate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bioenergetics (4th Edition) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6th Edition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce ATP from ADP using light energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lecture Notes on Thermodynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chapter 13 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organization of pro- and eukaryotic membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical bonding in organic compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signals for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport by phospholipid translocators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scramblase activity activation due to cell death signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It recruits signaling molecules leading to downstream activation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exit the mitochondria to activate scramblase activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a mosaic of microdomains that facilitate specific interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to one-half of the hydrocarbon chains in the membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is functionally significant for various cellular processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cells generally contain membrane organelles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in the formation of functional domains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is composed primarily of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They share similarities with prokaryotic cell structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of unsaturation in fatty acid chains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases their mobility making the lipid bilayer more rigid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is concentrated in the inner layer and is crucial for the coagulation cascade. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents hydrocarbon chains from coming together and inhibits crystallization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily located in the inner leaflet, involved in signaling processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a marker for cell status and activates protein kinases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane proteins act as anchors, tethering specific lipids to one leaflet of the membrane, thereby maintaining the asymmetrical distribution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrophobic interactions between lipid tails allow for lateral movement within the membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were independently derived from ancestral prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the creation of specialized compartments within the cell, facilitating distinct biochemical processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic membranes are more complex, containing a wider range of lipids and proteins compared to prokaryotic membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids and proteins can move laterally and rotate within the membrane, creating a dynamic structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmembrane proteins facilitate the transport of molecules across the membrane, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molecules that interact favorably with water due to polar groups; they easily dissolve in water.

Molecules that repel water and do not dissolve in it; often nonpolar.

Relates the concentration of ions across a membrane to its electrical potential.

The movement of ions or molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Describes how ATP is produced using the proton gradient created by electron transport in mitochondria.

Cholesterol decreases permeability and adds rigidity to phospholipid bilayers.

Membranes have uneven distribution of lipids, affecting function and charge.

A negatively charged lipid found only in the inner leaflet of cell membranes.

Phospholipids concentrated in the inner leaflet, playing key roles in signaling.

Lipids with sugar groups, located in the outer layer of the membrane.

Membranes are primarily made of lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides.

The model describing membranes as flexible structures with varied components.

Proteins that span the membrane and connect the inside and outside of the cell.

Proteins that are attached to the membrane's surface, not embedded.

Membranes act as gatekeepers, controlling the entry and exit of substances.

Eukaryotic membranes are complex with organelles; prokaryotic membranes are simpler.

Membrane proteins perform functional activities, such as transport, signaling, or structural support.

Double layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins.

Main lipid class in cell membranes, forming bilayers.

Microdomains in membranes with concentrated lipids and proteins.

A lipid that stabilizes cell membranes, found in animal cells.

Components of the outer leaflet in Gram-negative bacterial membranes.

Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria.

Includes phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids with diverse functions.

The process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in chloroplasts.

The process of generating ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using light energy.

Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs, containing chlorophyll.

The study of energy flow and conversion in biological systems.

A comprehensive textbook explaining cell structure and function at the molecular level.

The branch of physics that studies the relationships between heat, work, and energy.

Thin structures that separate and protect cells, composed mainly of lipids and proteins.

The arrangement and behavior of lipids within a cell membrane, crucial for membrane function.

Used to distinguish between living and apoptotic cells.

Cells undergoing programmed cell death, exposing PS.

Refers to the unequal distribution of lipids in membranes.

Phosphorylation of PI recruits signaling molecules.

The process following PI phosphorylation leading to cellular responses.

Enzymatic activity responsible for lipid redistribution during apoptosis.

Technique to study lateral heterogeneity in cell membranes.