Brugia Malayi and Wuchereria Bancrofti Morphology Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which parasitic infection is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

Malaria

Bancroftian filariasis (correct)

Malayan filariasis

Guinea Worm Infection

What is the vector for transmitting Wuchereria bancrofti?

Bed bugs

CAMA mosquitoes (correct)

Tsetse fly

Sandflies

Which larval form of Wuchereria bancrofti is enclosed in a hyaline sheath?

L1 (correct)

Adult

What is the periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia?

Nocturnal periodicity Signup and view all the answers

Which species of mosquito can act as a vector for Malayan filariasis?

Mansonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name given to Brugia malayi?

"Malayan Filaria" Signup and view all the answers

Which vector is responsible for the transmission of Mansonella spp?

Culicoides fly Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Mansonella ozzardi filaria?

Ozzard's Filaria Signup and view all the answers

What is the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti?

Anopheles mosquito Signup and view all the answers

Which filarial parasite causes Calabar-like swelling?

Mansonella perstans Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodicity of microfilariae in Mansonella ozzardi?

Non-periodic Signup and view all the answers

Which filarial parasite has unsheathed microfilariae with nuclei that extend to the tip of the tail?

Mansonella perstans Signup and view all the answers

What is the length range of a female Brugia malayi adult?

80 to 100 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes Brugia malayi microfilaria from Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria?

Presence of two nuclei at the tip of the tail Signup and view all the answers

Which mosquito vector is associated with Wuchereria bancrofti transmission?

Mansonia mosquitoes Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis?

Genitourinary lesions (e.g., hydrocele) Signup and view all the answers

In which habitat do adult Wuchereria bancrofti reside?

Lower lymphatics Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodicity of Mansonia mosquitoes, the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti?

Nocturnal periodicity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dracunculus Medinensis (Guinea Worm)

Infection occurs through ingestion of infected copepods through contaminated water, unfiltered water, or by eating fish or frogs that have ingested infected copepods.
Pathogenesis: causes allergic reaction, 2nd bacterial infection, and lays eggs that cause blisters.
Diagnosis: observing infected ulcers and induced rupture of the infected ulcers by immersing in cool water.
Treatment: no medicine, total worm removal.

Filarial Nematodes (Lymphatics)

Wuchereria Bancrofti

Common name: Bancroft's filarial worm.
Causes: Bancroftian filariasis.
Habitat: Lower lymphatics.
Vector: Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, and Mansonia mosquitoes.
Mode of transmission: skin inoculation.
Specimen: Blood.
Periodicity: Nocturnal periodicity (8PM- 4AM).
Infective stage: L3.
Morphology: Adult creamy white, long, and filiform in shape. Male: 20 to 40 mm in length, Female: 80 to 100 mm.
Microfilaria (L1/L3): "graceful appearance", motile, along with RBCs, minute snake-like organisms, 270 to 290 µm, enclosed in a hyaline sheath.

Brugia Malayi

Common name: Malayan Filaria.
Causes: Malayan filariasis.
Habitat: Upper lymphatics.
Vector: Mansonia mosquitoes.
Mode of transmission: skin inoculation.
Specimen: Blood.
Periodicity: Nocturnal sub-periodicity.
Infective stage: L3.
Morphology: Adult creamy white, long, and filiform in shape. Male: 20 to 40 mm in length, Female: 80 to 100 mm.
Microfilaria (L1/L3): "kinky appearance", 111 to 230 µm, enclosed in a hyaline sheath, dark-staining nuclei with two nuclei at the tip of the tail.

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Filariasis

Clinical spectrum: asymptomatic microfilaremia, acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), acute filarial lymphangitis (AFL), lymphedema (elephantiasis), and genitourinary lesions.

Onchocerciasis

Causes: eye and skin disease, severe itching, disfiguring skin conditions, and visual impairment, including permanent blindness.
Manifestations: hanging groin, leopard skin, river blindness.
Treatment: ivermectin, surgery.
Prevention: personal protection, destruction of vector breeding areas.
Epidemiology: distributed primarily in equatorial Africa and Central America.

Other Filarial Parasites (Mansonella spp)

M. Ozzardi

Common name: Ozzard's Filaria, New World filaria.
Causes: non-pathogenic.
Habitat: Body cavities.
Vector: Culicoides fly (sucking midge), Simulium black fly.
Mode of transmission: skin inoculation.
Specimen: Blood.
Periodicity: Non-periodic.
Infective stage: L3.
Microfilaria: unsheathed, arrangement of nuclei in tail is numerous and do not extend to tip of tail.

M. Perstans

Common name: Perstans filaria.
Causes: Calabar-like swelling, non-pathogenic.
Habitat: Body cavities.
Vector: Culicoides fly (sucking midge), Simulium black fly.
Mode of transmission: skin inoculation.
Specimen: Blood.
Periodicity: Non-periodic.
Infective stage: L3.
Microfilaria: unsheathed, arrangement of nuclei in tail is numerous and extends to tip of tail, anterior or tail end is rounded and blunt.

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Test your knowledge of the morphology of Brugia malayi, including the appearance of adult worms and microfilariae. Identify key characteristics such as the size, shape, and unique features of this parasite.