British Influence on Indian English

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Questions and Answers

Match the following with their characteristics:

Standard English = Current and literary form of English Territorial variants = Regional varieties possessing a literary norm Local dialects = Non-standard regional varieties of English British English = Referred to as the written Standard English and Received Pronunciation

Match the following with their regional variants:

American English = Variant existing outside the British Isles Scottish English = Variant existing on the territory of the United Kingdom Canadian English = Variant existing outside the British Isles Indian English = Variant existing outside the British Isles

Match the following with their linguistic components:

Morphology, syntax, word-formation = Structural peculiarities of regional varieties Word-stock and phonetic system = Essentially the same in regional varieties Received Pronunciation (RP) = Pronunciation known for British English Local Dialects = Non-standard varieties with unique linguistic features

Match the following with their definition:

Standard English = Accepted and understood within an English speaking country or throughout the entire English speaking world Variants of English = Regional varieties serving all spheres of verbal communication Local dialects = Non-standard regional varieties with distinct linguistic features British English = Often referred to as the written Standard English Signup and view all the answers

Match the following varieties of English with their unique terms and expressions:

Canadian English = Parkade - parking garage Australian English = Outback - remote regional areas New Zealand English = Sticky beak - someone unduly curious about people’s affairs South African English = Bra, bru - male friend Signup and view all the answers

Match the following varieties of English with their influence from other languages:

Canadian English = Influenced by Canadian French Australian English = Incorporates elements of Aboriginal languages New Zealand English = Largely borrowed from the Maori population South African English = Words derived from African languages Signup and view all the answers

Match the following varieties of English with their spelling and pronunciation characteristics:

Canadian English = Spelling is intermediate between British and American English Australian English = Unique set of diminutives formed by adding –o or –ie to the ends of words New Zealand English = Close to Australian English in pronunciation South African English = Not unified in pronunciation due to diverse mother tongues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following varieties of English with their peculiar features and unique terms:

Canadian English = Tory for a Canadian politician from the Conservative party Australian English = Cooee - a musical call which travels long distances in the bush New Zealand English = -ise ending exclusively for spelling South African English = Township – urban area for black, coloured or Indian South Africans under apartheid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following English dialects with their geographical locations:

Estuary English = House of Commons, BBC, City businessmen Yorkshire dialect = English county of York New York dialect = New York City and its immediate vicinity Inland North dialect = Great Lakes region Signup and view all the answers

Match the following English dialects with their historical origins:

Yorkshire dialect = Anglo-Saxon speakers mixed with Scandinavian settlers Inland North dialect = separation of Canada from the United States Midland speech = North Midland and South Midland subdivisions Southern division dialect = southern two-thirds of Delaware, eastern parts of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina Signup and view all the answers

Match the following English dialects with their linguistic characteristics:

Estuary English = grouped in the middle ground New York dialect = frequently mistaken for the New Jersey dialect Inland North dialect = considered free from regional marking in the United States African-American Vernacular English (Ebonics) = used in many African-American communities in the USA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following English dialects with their influence on national prominence:

Estuary English = heard in the House of Commons and used by some members of the Lords New York dialect = famous worldwide due to countless movies and television programs Inland North dialect = dialect used by many American network television broadcasters African-American Vernacular English (Ebonics) = gained national prominence and influenced usage from coast to coast Signup and view all the answers

Match the following lexical differences between British English and American English with their examples:

Different words used for the same denotatum = sweets (BrE) – candy (AmE) Words used in both variants but much commoner in one of them = shop and store are used in both variants, but the former is frequent in British English and the latter – in American English Words with different semantic structure in BrE and AmE = homely (BrE) - 'home-loving, domesticated, house-proud' vs 'unattractive in appearance' (AmE) Proper Americanisms coined by early Americans = redbud – an American tree having small budlike pink flowers, the state tree of Oklahoma Signup and view all the answers

Match the following British English and American English derivational peculiarities with their examples:

Affixes more frequently used in American English = -ee (draftee – 'a young man about to be enlisted') Affixes more frequently used in British English = back-formation: AmE burglarize – BrE burgle (from burglar) Morphologically more complex words favored in American English = super-(super-market – 'a very large shop that sells food and other products for the home') Clipped forms more commonly used in British English = AmE transportation – BrE transport Signup and view all the answers

Match the following peculiarities of Scottish English with their descriptions:

Considered a separate written and spoken variety with unique pronunciation, grammar, and lexis = Scottish English Historically developed through compromise with Scots and English usage = Uniqueness of Scottish English Range of usage from urban and rural Scots to Scottish Standard English = Diversity of Scottish English Spoken variant of the English language in Scotland = Scottish English Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Scottish English lexical peculiarities with their descriptions:

Pupils and minors = Denote age categories in Scottish law Extortion and blackmail = Equivalents in Scottish and British English Gaelic borrowings = Influence on Scottish English from other languages Gate in Scottish English = Meaning 'road' in Scottish English Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Irish English distinctive features with their descriptions:

Backward and bold = Words with different meanings in Irish English compared to British English Biddable and feasant = Regionally marked words used by older, rural people in Irish English Banshee = A noun taken from Irish related to the supernatural Begorrah = A word typical only of Irish English (Irishism) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Irish English vocabulary features with their descriptions:

Ova and brae = Words shared with Scottish English Banshee and feasant = Nouns taken from Irish in Irish English Distinctive Irishisms = Words typical only of Irish English Backward and bold = Words with the same form as in British English but different meanings in Irish English Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Southern dialects of Great Britain with their descriptions:

Cockney = Regional dialect marked by deviations in pronunciation but few in vocabulary and syntax Estuary English = Hybrid of Received Pronunciation (RP) and South-Eastern dialects, using Cockney words and phrases Cockney rhyming slang = Substitution of words by other words rhyming with them, e.g. 'daisy roots' for 'boots' Balmy, toff, up the pole = Specifically Cockney words and phrases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Linguistic Variants and Characteristics

Regional variants of English reflect different geographical areas, each with unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.
Linguistic components of English include phonetics, syntax, morphology, and semantics, influencing dialectal diversity.
Definitions of linguistic terms help establish clear understanding; for example, "dialect" refers to a particular form of a language specific to a geographical region or social group.

Varieties of English

Unique terms and expressions characterize different English varieties, like "biscuit" in British English versus "cookie" in American English.
Influences from other languages, such as Spanish or Indigenous languages, shape the vocabulary of varieties like Chicano English and African American Vernacular English (AAVE).
Spelling and pronunciation characteristics differ; British English often prefers "colour" while American English uses "color," and pronunciation can vary significantly (e.g., "schedule").

Dialects and Geographical Locations

Specific English dialects can be matched to their regions, such as Cockney in London and Geordie in Newcastle.
Historical origins of dialects often reveal influences from colonization, migration, and contact with other languages.
Linguistic characteristics vary among dialects; for example, Southern American English features vowel shifts and unique syntax.

National Prominence and Differences

Certain dialects have gained national prominence, influencing media and culture, such as the New York City accent.
Lexical differences between British and American English, such as "lorry" (UK) vs. "truck" (US), highlight the vibrant evolution of the language.
Derivational peculiarities exist, including the use of "realise" (UK) versus "realize" (US), reflecting varied spelling conventions.

Scottish and Irish English Features

Peculiarities of Scottish English include unique pronunciation and vocabulary, often influenced by Scots Gaelic.
Scottish English lexical features exhibit distinct words like "wee" for small and "bairn" for child, enriching the language.
Irish English has distinctive features such as the influence of Irish Gaelic, which affects syntax and intonation.
Vocabulary features in Irish English often include terms derived from Gaelic, such as "craic" for fun or entertainment.

Southern Dialects of Great Britain

Southern dialects may showcase particular linguistic features, such as the loss of the "h" sound or the diphthongization of vowels.
Descriptions of Southern dialects highlight cultural variances and social influences, contributing to the rich tapestry of British English.

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Description

Explore the influence of British colonialism on Indian English and the enduring usage of phrases, words, and expressions from the colonial era. Understand how Indian English has evolved by incorporating words from Indian languages and how some of these words have made their way into the Oxford English Dictionary.