British Impact on Indian Cities and Industries

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Questions and Answers

What were the key reasons for the transformation of old cities and the establishment of new cities during British rule in India?

The key reasons were the requirements of trade, industries, and administration.

How did the historical context of Mumbai contribute to its development as a major port city?

Mumbai was developed as a major natural port city after the British Emperor Charles II leased it to the East India Company.

In what way did Surat play an important role during the Mughal period?

Surat was a significant commercial center and international port during the Mughal period.

What fort was established in Madras (Chennai) and in what year?

<p>Fort St. George was established in 1640 AD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the British have on Surat's economy during their rule?

<p>The British established a fort and set up warehouses and factories, boosting Surat's economy significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event marked the Mughal Emperor Akbar's conquest of Surat?

<p>Mughal Emperor Akbar conquered Surat in 1573 AD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor in the development of new cities like Ahmedabad and Indore during British rule?

<p>The need for trade and administrative requirements were significant factors in their development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain one cultural aspect that characterized Surat's society during the Mughal period.

<p>Surat was characterized by its religious and caste diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors led to the development of new cities during British rule?

<p>The requirement for trade, industries, and administration were key factors that led to the development of new cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Mumbai's status change under the British?

<p>Mumbai transformed from an island into a major natural port and industrial center under British development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Surat known for during the Mughal era?

<p>Surat was known as a significant international port and a commercial center famous for its jariwork.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic significance of Surat during the British period?

<p>During the British period, Surat served as an essential industrial and commercial center with various warehouses and factories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one major change in Madras (Chennai) after British settlement.

<p>After British settlement, Madras became an administrative and military center, marked by the establishment of Fort St. George.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the East India Company influence the development of cities?

<p>The East India Company facilitated urban development by transforming cities into important ports and industrial centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Surat's multicultural nature impact its development?

<p>Surat's multicultural nature promoted a vibrant trade environment, enhancing its economic prosperity and cultural exchanges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of Fort St. George in the history of Madras.

<p>Fort St. George was significant as it marked the beginning of British rule in Madras and served as a military and trading outpost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

British transformation of Indian cities

Old Indian cities were altered and new ones emerged under British rule due to trade, industry, and governance needs.

Mumbai's history

Originally an island, Mumbai was given as a dowry to the British. The East India Company developed it into a major port and industrial center.

Surat's importance

A significant trading center during the Mughal era; later became an important industrial and commercial hub in Western India, with ties to various industries, like jariwork.

East Coast Port Development

British established forts in Masulipatnam and later Madras (Chennai), fostering trade on the eastern coast.

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Madras (Chennai) establishment

Fort St. George established in Madras (Chennai) in 1640

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Kolkata's transformation

Kolkata transformed into a crucial urban center during British Rule.

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Surat's Industrialization

Surat's growth into an industrial and commercial hub due to factors like British presence and trade opportunities

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Role of the East India Company

The East India Company played a key role in developing key cities, such as Mumbai, due to their trade and expansionist drive.

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Dowry city

Mumbai was given as a dowry to the British by the Portuguese. The East India Company later developed it into a major port and industrial center.

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Surat's jardiwork

Surat was known for its jariwork, a type of embroidery often used on textiles.

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Masulipatnam's fort

The British established a fort in Masulipatnam on the East Coast of India, marking the beginning of their influence in the region.

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Fort St. George

The British built Fort St. George in Madras (Chennai) in 1640 AD, solidifying their presence on the East Coast.

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Why did new cities develop?

New cities emerged during the British period because of increased trade, industries, and administrative needs.

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What transformed old cities?

Old cities underwent significant changes under British rule, largely due to the establishment of new industries, trade routes, and administrative centers.

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Why was Surat important?

Surat was a major commercial center in Western India during the Mughal era, known for its international trade and diverse population.

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How did Kolkata transform?

Kolkata became a vital urban center during the British period, gaining prominence due to its strategic location and role in trade.

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Study Notes

Cities, Cottage Industries and Industries of the British Period

  • India's economy was prosperous until the 18th century
  • British rule significantly impacted cottage and handicraft industries
  • The British East India Company created a huge demand for raw materials and goods
  • This negatively affected India's industries and agriculture
  • This led to the collapse of Indian villages
  • Old cities transformed, and new ones emerged
  • Cities like Kolkata, Surat, Madras (Chennai), Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and Indore developed due to trade, industry, and administration needs
  • Mumbai was an island, given to the British as a dowry
  • Mumbai was developed as a natural port and city by the East India Company
  • Mumbai is now a major industrial and commercial hub
  • Surat was a major commercial center during the Mughal empire
  • It was an international port known for its textile production (jariwork)
  • British established forts in Surat during the 17th century
  • Surat had warehouses and factories of the Portuguese, Dutch, and British
  • Surat is still an essential industrial and commercial center today
  • Masulipatnam also saw a fort established on the East coast
  • Fort St. George was established in Madras (Chennai) in 1640 AD

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