British Education System in India
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of introducing the British educational system in India?

  • To promote local languages and literature
  • To civilize the Indian people through western education (correct)
  • To establish competitive educational institutions
  • To enhance religious education and practices

Which document issued in 1854 outlined changes to the educational system in India?

  • The Wardha Education Scheme
  • Wood's Despatch (correct)
  • The Hunter Education Commission Report
  • The Indian Universities Act

What negative effect did the British education system have on Indian society?

  • It created a division between English-educated Indians and the rest (correct)
  • It promoted the use of indigenous languages
  • It broke down traditional social norms
  • It encouraged cross-cultural marriages

What was established as a result of Wood's Despatch?

<p>Separate departments of education and universities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scheme introduced by Gandhiji aimed at moral education?

<p>The Wardha Education Scheme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act was aimed at controlling the growth of higher education in India?

<p>The Indian Universities Act of 1904 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bhimrao Ambedkar dedicate his life to?

<p>Fighting for equality and dignity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the British educational policies on nationalism in India?

<p>Encouraged participation in the national movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the National System of Education proposed in 1943 aim to provide?

<p>Universal and free education for children aged 6-14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue did Mahatma Gandhi NOT focus on?

<p>Promoting technological development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a positive outcome of the British education system?

<p>Raised awareness about equality and democracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main impacts of the reform movements in India?

<p>Eradication of social evils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the printing press contribute to reform movements in India?

<p>By facilitating the spread of reformists' writings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major investigations into the British education system that took place in 1882?

<p>The Hunter Education Commission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a focus of Mahatma Gandhi's reforms?

<p>Opposing the dowry system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the reform movements contribute to aside from social change?

<p>Cultural awakening in India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal issue did Bhimrao Ambedkar specifically challenge?

<p>Caste system oppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the final impact of the reform movements?

<p>They raised awareness of caste oppression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the printing press have on caste and community relations?

<p>It brought together people from different communities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reforms did Gandhi NOT support?

<p>Purdah system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the effects of British education on Indian society?

<p>It became a privilege of the wealthy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reform movement led to the abolition of Sati in 1829?

<p>The movement led by Raja Ram Mohan Roy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the founder of the Satya Shodhak Samaj?

<p>Jyotiba Phule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act fixed the age of marriage for girls at 18 years?

<p>The Sharda Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reformer campaigned for the rights of the Dravidian race?

<p>Periyar E.V. Ramasamy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal issue did Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar primarily focus on?

<p>Widow remarriage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sree Narayana Guru's message regarding religion?

<p>Advocating for one god, one caste, and one religion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social issue was addressed by the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1891?

<p>Fixing the legal age of marriage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main objectives of the socio-religious reform movements in the 19th century India?

<p>To eliminate societal evils and injustices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Wood's Despatch (1854)

Charles Wood issued a plan in 1854 aiming to establish separate departments of education across India, including universities in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, promoting teacher training, and supporting vernacular schools.

Hunter Education Commission (1882)

The Hunter Education Commission was appointed in 1882 to evaluate the implementation of Wood's Despatch, investigating primary and secondary education, missionary work, and vocational training.

Lord Curzon's Education Reforms

Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, revised the entire education system to address the issue of political unrest amongst educated Indians, enacting The Indian Universities Act of 1904 to control the growth of higher education.

Wardha Education Scheme (1937)

This scheme, proposed by Mahatma Gandhi in 1937, emphasized moral education through truth, goodness, and justice, aiming to counter the inferiority complex created by the British education system.

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Sargent Plan (1943)

John Sargent's plan, introduced in 1943, envisioned a comprehensive National System of Education with universal and free education for all children between 6-14 years, promoting well-rounded development.

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Unifying Role of English Language

The spread of the English language created a unifying factor across various regions of India.

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Rise of Nationalism

The introduction of Western ideals to the Indian population sparked a nationalist movement.

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Enlightenment of Democratic Ideals

Western education brought awareness of equality, liberty, fraternity, and democracy, influencing social and political reforms.

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Sense of Inferiority

The British education system, with its focus on Western values, inadvertently fueled a sense of inferiority among many Indians.

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Social Divide

The British education system created a divide between English-educated Indians and the rest of the population, often neglecting indigenous knowledge and literature.

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Socio-religious Reform Movements in 19th Century India

A social movement advocating for equality and reform, particularly against discriminatory practices like Sati, infanticide, and child marriage.

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Sati

The practice of burning a widow on her husband's funeral pyre, considered barbaric by reformers and outlawed in 1829.

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Infanticide

The killing of newborn female infants, often due to societal pressure and economic factors.

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Child Marriage

Marriage of children below the age of three, a practice outlawed in 1891 and 1929. The Sharda Act of 1929 further specified the legal age of marriage.

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Sree Narayana Guru

A reformer who challenged the caste system and untouchability, advocating for one god, one caste, and one religion.

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Jyotiba Phule

A social activist who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj to uplift lower castes and promote education for liberation.

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Veeresalingam Kandukuri

A prominent figure in the Telugu literary and social reform movement, promoting women's education and rights.

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Periyar E.V.Ramasamy

A rationalist and revolutionist who campaigned for Dravidian rights, nationalism, self-respect, and the eradication of the caste system.

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Swami Dayanand Saraswati

A philosopher and social reformer who founded the Arya Samaj, advocating for a 'back to the Vedas' movement and opposing social evils.

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Widow Remarriage Act

A legal act passed in 1856 that allowed widows to remarry, thanks to the persistent efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

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Who was Bhimrao Ambedkar?

Bhimrao Ambedkar dedicated his life to fighting for equality and dignity. He challenged the caste system by opposing the oppression and discrimination faced by lower castes.

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Who was Mahatma Gandhi?

Mahatma Gandhi was a leader in India's independence movement who advocated for non-violent resistance. He worked tirelessly to create a society based on equality and justice.

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What were the reform movements?

The reform movements were efforts to improve social conditions and challenge harmful practices like the caste system.

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What were some of the social issues addressed by the reform movements?

The reform movements aimed to address various social ills like poverty, child marriage, untouchability, and discrimination against women.

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What was the impact of the reform movements?

The reform movements played a crucial role in shaping Indian society and religion by promoting social justice and challenging harmful traditions.

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What role did the printing press play in the reform movements?

The printing press helped to spread reformist ideas and literature by making it accessible to a wider audience.

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How did the reform movements impact national unity?

The reform movements united people from different castes and communities, fostering national consciousness and a shared sense of identity.

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How did the printing press impact national pride?

The printing press enabled the translation of books into English, fostering national pride and strengthening the movement for freedom.

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How did the reform movements and printing press shape the fight against the caste system?

Reform movements and the printing press played a crucial role in challenging the caste system and raising awareness about social injustices.

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How did reform movements contribute to cultural growth?

The reform movements fostered a cultural awakening, leading to significant advancements in literature, art, and science in India.

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Study Notes

British Education System in India

  • British believed teaching Western education through English would civilize Indians, increase profits, and change their tastes.
  • Wood's Despatch of 1854 changed educational policy, establishing separate education departments in major cities (Bombay, Calcutta, Madras).
  • Hunter Education Commission (1882) investigated the implementation of Wood's Despatch, examining primary and secondary education as well as missionary and vocational training.
  • Lord Curzon revised the education system in 1904, aiming to control the rise of political revolutionaries.
  • Wardha Education Scheme (1937): Gandhiji proposed a National Education System focusing on moral development (truth, goodness, justice) and self-respect.
  • A 1943 John Sargent plan proposed universal, free education for 6-14 year-olds for overall student development, recommendations that were later implemented by the Indian government post-independence.

Positive Impacts of British Education

  • English language united regional prejudices and promoted Indian nationalism.
  • Increased awareness of equality, liberty, fraternity, and democracy.
  • Inspired awareness of social and religious reform.
  • Educated women, like Sarojini Naidu, joined the Indian independence movement.

Negative Impacts of British Education

  • Created a divide between English-educated and other Indians.
  • Ignored indigenous literature and perspectives.

Socio-Religious Reforms

  • British rule disliked and discriminated against Indian customs, traditions, and culture.

  • Reform movements emerged to combat societal evils, like sati, female infanticide, child marriage.

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand Saraswati were key proponents of reforms.

  • Sati was abolished in 1829, female infanticide banned in 1870, child marriage restrictions in 1891.

  • Other social reforms included efforts towards widow remarriage.

  • Sree Narayana Guru campaigned against caste discrimination and untouchability.

  • Important figures such as Jyotiba Phule and Veeresalingam Kandukuri also led reforms and were prominent social reformers in India.

  • Periyar E.V. Ramasamy opposed the Congress Party, advocating for a self-respect movement and critiqued the subjugation of Dravidian race, the principles of nationalism, self-respect, respect for women, and eradication of caste.

Reformers

  • Swami Dayanand Saraswati established Arya Samaj, encouraging return to 'Vedas'.

  • Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar led millions of oppressed individuals towards self-respect and dignity.

  • Supported education as a tool for social justice.

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Description

Explore the evolution of the British education system in India from the Wood's Despatch of 1854 to the Wardha Education Scheme of 1937. This quiz examines key reforms, policies, and their impact on Indian society. Test your knowledge on how these educational changes shaped modern India.

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