British Colonial Rule in Sri Lanka

European Colonization of Sri Lanka

• Portugal, Netherlands, and Britain controlled Sri Lanka from 1505 to 1948, with Britain gaining independence on February 4, 1948, after a century of colonial rule.

British Motives for Conquest

• Conflict with the French and preventing French military assistance to the local rulers.
• Controlling trading centers and finding a port for the monsoon season.
• Dominating the spice trade.

The British Move to Sri Lanka

• British captured Dutch areas by 1796, leading to Sinhala Kings seeking British help.
• Missions were sent to contact the Kandyan King, focusing on the island's strategic value, particularly Tincomalee's harbor.

Imposition of New Taxes

• Taxes were imposed on coconut trees, arrack, fish, salt, toddy, and tobacco.

Reforms and Administrative Systems

• Meuron's recommendations aimed to address malpractices, reform tax collection, abolish certain taxes, and resolve land issues judicially.
• The Dual Control System, a joint administration by the British and the East India Company, was eventually abolished due to struggles.
• Governor Sir Frederick North established administrative systems, balancing interests.
• Governor Sir Thomas Maitland took a conciliatory approach, revived old service tenure, and encouraged language learning.

The Fall of the Kandyan Kingdom

• John D'Oyly played a crucial role in annexation, negotiating with Kandyan leaders and being a meticulous administrator.
• The fall of the Kandyan Kingdom in 1815 was due to Brownrigg's conciliatory approach, a failed trading agreement, and the rebellion against the king's tyranny.
• Ehelepola Adikaram sought British refuge, leading to collaboration and ultimately, the downfall of the Kandyan Kingdom.

Learn about the history of British colonial rule in Sri Lanka from 1505 to 1948, including the motives for conquest and eventual independence. Explore the impact of Portuguese, Dutch, and British presence on the island nation.