Bristol Stool Chart and Sample Collection

True (A)

Polymerase Chain Reaction

<p>gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture = Indicates active infection through growth of viable organisms PCR = Identifies genetic material and the presence of certain toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and abdominal cramps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good E.coli = Part of normal gut flora but can cause UTIs Naughty E.coli = Does not produce Shiga toxin and causes mild diarrhoea Evil E.coli = Includes strains like O157 and can cause severe GI infections or HUS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Undercooked Meats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptosporidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Campylobacter = 2-3 days Cryptosporidiosis = 10-14 days Giardiasis = Up to 6 weeks Enteric fever = Several weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enteric fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giardiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food handlers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>urine or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doubtful personal hygiene = Unsatisfactory facilities Children aged five years old or under = Vulnerable group Food handlers = Safety and hygiene Clinical, social care or nursery staff = Direct contact with susceptible individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumption of undercooked meats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemolytic uraemic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>haemolytic uraemic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shigella sonnei = Mild illness Shigella flexneri = Moderate to severe illness Shigella dysenteriae = Severe illness Shigella boydii = Moderate illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptosporidiosis can be spread through swimming pools. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella typhi and paratyphi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Campylobacter = Mild illness, low person-to-person spread Cryptosporidiosis = Profuse watery diarrhoea Giardiasis = Greasy stools Enteric fever = High fever, possible life-threatening</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swimming pools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

A clinical tool for categorizing stool consistency and form.

Categories of individuals requiring special consideration in hygiene and handling.

Procedure for collecting stool in a sterile way for lab analysis.

Microscopy, Culture, and Sensitivity test for detecting infections.

PCR detects genetic material; culture grows organisms to confirm infection.

A bacterium causing dysentery with symptoms like diarrhea and fever.

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli, causing severe bloody diarrhea and HUS.

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome, a serious condition with kidney failure and blood issues.

Beneficial Escherichia coli that aid digestion but can cause UTIs.

Escherichia coli that cause mild diarrhea but do not produce toxins.

Common bacterial cause of GI infections in the UK, linked to undercooked meats and contaminated water.

Diarrhoea caused by consuming contaminated food or water while travelling, often linked to Campylobacter.

Infection caused by Cryptosporidium parasite, leading to watery diarrhoea and abdominal cramps.

Serious disease caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi, characterized by high fever and abdominal pain.

Infection by Giardia lamblia, spreading through water and person-to-person, causing greasy stools and discomfort.

Liver infection spread through contaminated food/water and person-to-person contact, severity increases with age.

Includes profuse watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, and fever lasting up to 14 days.

Giardia lamblia infection can be treated with antibiotics, but cysts resist chlorination.

Use a sterile container, avoid contaminating with urine or water, label, and deliver to the lab within 24 hours.

Method to grow viable organisms indicating active infection.

Detects genetic material to indicate current or past infections and can identify certain toxins.

A strain of Shigella causing mild illness, symptoms last 1 day to 1-2 weeks.

A severe condition from STEC characterized by kidney failure and low platelets.

Cattle and other ruminants, including goats and sheep, are primary reservoirs of STEC.

STEC has a low infectious dose, easily transmitted by contaminated food/water or contact with animals.

Symptoms include watery, slimy, or bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.

Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of GI infections in the UK, often from undercooked meats or contaminated water.

Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever, lasting about 2-3 days.

Cryptosporidiosis spread through contaminated water, animal contact, and person-to-person contact.

Typhoid (Salmonella typhi) and paratyphoid (Salmonella paratyphi) cause serious illness with high fever and abdominal pain.

Giardiasis transmitted person-to-person, through water, or via contaminated food handlers, leading to greasy stools.

Enteric fever requires antibiotics and can last several weeks; clear infection with negative samples post-treatment.