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The last product of respiration to obtain energy in animals?
The last product of respiration to obtain energy in animals?
Pulmonary respiration is found in
Pulmonary respiration is found in
Respiration is helpful in
Respiration is helpful in
Which of the following shows pulmonary respiration?
Which of the following shows pulmonary respiration?
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Presence of respiratory organ in animal depends on
Presence of respiratory organ in animal depends on
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A respiratory surface must be
A respiratory surface must be
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Respiratory organs of insects are
Respiratory organs of insects are
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Match the following and mark the correct options
Match the following and mark the correct options
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Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, etc., exchange O2 with CO2 by
Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, etc., exchange O2 with CO2 by
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Branchial respiration is respiration by
Branchial respiration is respiration by
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The metal ion present in haemoglobin is
The metal ion present in haemoglobin is
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Maximum amount of O2 is transported in humans by
Maximum amount of O2 is transported in humans by
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At higher CO2 concentration, oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin will
At higher CO2 concentration, oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin will
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Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease of
Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease of
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Carbonic anhydrase is present in the erythrocytes. In erythrocytes, the carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. Which of the following statements is correct?
Carbonic anhydrase is present in the erythrocytes. In erythrocytes, the carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. Which of the following statements is correct?
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Respiratory centre of brain is stimulated by
Respiratory centre of brain is stimulated by
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Respiratory rhythm centre is present in
Respiratory rhythm centre is present in
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Pneumotaxic centre is present on
Pneumotaxic centre is present on
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Asthma is a respiratory disease caused due to
Asthma is a respiratory disease caused due to
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When CO2 concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes
When CO2 concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes
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Study Notes
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory Process
- Last product of respiration to obtain energy in animals: CO2
- Respiration is helpful in producing energy within the body and removing waste
- Pulmonary respiration is found in reptiles, aves, mammals, and all of these
Respiratory Organs
- Presence of respiratory organs in animals depends on habitat and level of organization
- A respiratory surface must be thin, moist, and have a large surface area
- Respiratory organs of insects: tracheal tubes
- Earthworms exchange O2 and CO2 through moist cuticle
- Branchial respiration is respiration by gills
Trachea and Bronchi
- Trachea terminates in bronchi
- Air is breathed in through nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
- Vocal cords occur in the larynx
- Bronchus gives passage to air towards alveoli
- Trachea is supported by cartilaginous rings, which are C-shaped
Lung Structure
- Lungs have a number of small balloon-like air sacs called alveoli
- Alveoli have a large surface area for diffusion of gases
- Wall of alveoli is composed of simple squamous epithelium
Thoracic Cage and Breathing
- Thoracic cage of man is formed of ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae
- During inspiration, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
- Abdominal breathing refers to forceful breathing
- Intercostal muscles regulate the movement of ribs
Respiratory Volumes
- Functional residual capacity = expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
- Air filled in dead space is approximately 150 cc
Blood Transport
- De-oxygenated blood from heart comes to the lungs by pulmonary artery
- Oxygen-containing blood is transported from lungs to heart by pulmonary vein
- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli, atmospheric air, and tissues: 40 mmHg, 0.3 mmHg, 45 mmHg
- Oxygen diffuses from atmospheric air into alveoli with a partial pressure of 104 mmHg
Respiratory Membrane
- Respiratory membrane is composed of three major layers and has an average thickness of less than 1 mm
- Rate of gaseous exchange at lungs will be decreased upon increasing the thickness of the respiratory membrane
- One hemoglobin can carry 4 molecules of O2
CO2 Transport
- H2CO3 is converted into CO2 and H2O with the help of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase
- The largest amount of CO2 is transported in blood as bicarbonates
- CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid
Oxygen Transport
- Maximum amount of O2 is transported in humans by RBCs
- The metal ion present in hemoglobin is iron
- Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to the right on decrease of pH
Respiratory Centre
- Respiratory centre of the brain is stimulated by carbon dioxide content in arterial blood
- Respiratory rhythm centre is present in the medulla oblongata
- Pneumotaxic centre is present in the pons
- Asthma is a respiratory disease caused due to allergy of lungs
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Description
Assess your knowledge of breathing and exchange of gases in animals with this quiz, covering topics like respiration, pulmonary respiration, and more.
