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The last product of respiration to obtain energy in animals?
Pulmonary respiration is found in
Respiration is helpful in
Which of the following shows pulmonary respiration?
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Presence of respiratory organ in animal depends on
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A respiratory surface must be
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Respiratory organs of insects are
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Match the following and mark the correct options
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Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, etc., exchange O2 with CO2 by
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Branchial respiration is respiration by
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The metal ion present in haemoglobin is
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Maximum amount of O2 is transported in humans by
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At higher CO2 concentration, oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin will
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Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease of
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Carbonic anhydrase is present in the erythrocytes. In erythrocytes, the carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. Which of the following statements is correct?
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Respiratory centre of brain is stimulated by
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Respiratory rhythm centre is present in
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Pneumotaxic centre is present on
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Asthma is a respiratory disease caused due to
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When CO2 concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes
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Study Notes
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory Process
- Last product of respiration to obtain energy in animals: CO2
- Respiration is helpful in producing energy within the body and removing waste
- Pulmonary respiration is found in reptiles, aves, mammals, and all of these
Respiratory Organs
- Presence of respiratory organs in animals depends on habitat and level of organization
- A respiratory surface must be thin, moist, and have a large surface area
- Respiratory organs of insects: tracheal tubes
- Earthworms exchange O2 and CO2 through moist cuticle
- Branchial respiration is respiration by gills
Trachea and Bronchi
- Trachea terminates in bronchi
- Air is breathed in through nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
- Vocal cords occur in the larynx
- Bronchus gives passage to air towards alveoli
- Trachea is supported by cartilaginous rings, which are C-shaped
Lung Structure
- Lungs have a number of small balloon-like air sacs called alveoli
- Alveoli have a large surface area for diffusion of gases
- Wall of alveoli is composed of simple squamous epithelium
Thoracic Cage and Breathing
- Thoracic cage of man is formed of ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae
- During inspiration, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
- Abdominal breathing refers to forceful breathing
- Intercostal muscles regulate the movement of ribs
Respiratory Volumes
- Functional residual capacity = expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
- Air filled in dead space is approximately 150 cc
Blood Transport
- De-oxygenated blood from heart comes to the lungs by pulmonary artery
- Oxygen-containing blood is transported from lungs to heart by pulmonary vein
- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli, atmospheric air, and tissues: 40 mmHg, 0.3 mmHg, 45 mmHg
- Oxygen diffuses from atmospheric air into alveoli with a partial pressure of 104 mmHg
Respiratory Membrane
- Respiratory membrane is composed of three major layers and has an average thickness of less than 1 mm
- Rate of gaseous exchange at lungs will be decreased upon increasing the thickness of the respiratory membrane
- One hemoglobin can carry 4 molecules of O2
CO2 Transport
- H2CO3 is converted into CO2 and H2O with the help of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase
- The largest amount of CO2 is transported in blood as bicarbonates
- CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid
Oxygen Transport
- Maximum amount of O2 is transported in humans by RBCs
- The metal ion present in hemoglobin is iron
- Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to the right on decrease of pH
Respiratory Centre
- Respiratory centre of the brain is stimulated by carbon dioxide content in arterial blood
- Respiratory rhythm centre is present in the medulla oblongata
- Pneumotaxic centre is present in the pons
- Asthma is a respiratory disease caused due to allergy of lungs
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Description
Assess your knowledge of breathing and exchange of gases in animals with this quiz, covering topics like respiration, pulmonary respiration, and more.
