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Questions and Answers
A woman who is breastfeeding should rub a mild emollient cream or a few drops of breast milk (or ______) on the nipples after each feeding.
A woman who is breastfeeding should rub a mild emollient cream or a few drops of breast milk (or ______) on the nipples after each feeding.
colostrum
Breastfeeding mothers should increase their fluid intake to ______ to 3 qt (2,500 to 3,000 ml) daily.
Breastfeeding mothers should increase their fluid intake to ______ to 3 qt (2,500 to 3,000 ml) daily.
2½
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted by an HIV-positive mother who ______ her infant.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted by an HIV-positive mother who ______ her infant.
breastfeeds
The initial weight loss for a healthy neonate is ______% to 10% of birth weight.
The initial weight loss for a healthy neonate is ______% to 10% of birth weight.
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The neonatal period extends from birth to day ______.
The neonatal period extends from birth to day ______.
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A very-low-birth-weight neonate weighs ______ g (3 lb 5 oz) or less at birth.
A very-low-birth-weight neonate weighs ______ g (3 lb 5 oz) or less at birth.
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The specific gravity of a neonate’s urine is 1.003 to ______.
The specific gravity of a neonate’s urine is 1.003 to ______.
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Prolactin stimulates and sustains ______ production.
Prolactin stimulates and sustains ______ production.
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When providing phototherapy to a neonate, the nurse should cover the neonate’s ______ and genital area.
When providing phototherapy to a neonate, the nurse should cover the neonate’s ______ and genital area.
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The narcotic antagonist ______ may be given to a neonate to correct respiratory depression caused by narcotic administration.
The narcotic antagonist ______ may be given to a neonate to correct respiratory depression caused by narcotic administration.
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In a neonate, symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome include expiratory grunting or whining, sandpaper breath sounds, and ______ retractions.
In a neonate, symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome include expiratory grunting or whining, sandpaper breath sounds, and ______ retractions.
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Neonates born to mothers who smoke weigh, on average, ______ oz (170 g) less than those born to nonsmoking mothers.
Neonates born to mothers who smoke weigh, on average, ______ oz (170 g) less than those born to nonsmoking mothers.
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In a neonate, long, brittle fingernails are a sign of ______.
In a neonate, long, brittle fingernails are a sign of ______.
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Lanugo covers the fetus’s body until about ______ weeks gestation.
Lanugo covers the fetus’s body until about ______ weeks gestation.
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Erythromycin is given at birth to prevent ______ neonatorum.
Erythromycin is given at birth to prevent ______ neonatorum.
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Milia may occur as ______ spots over a neonate’s nose.
Milia may occur as ______ spots over a neonate’s nose.
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The Apgar score is used to assess the neonate’s ______ functions.
The Apgar score is used to assess the neonate’s ______ functions.
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The normal blood glucose level in the neonate is between ______ to 90 mg/dl.
The normal blood glucose level in the neonate is between ______ to 90 mg/dl.
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Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered within ______ hours of birth.
Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered within ______ hours of birth.
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Mongolian spots commonly appear as patches across the sacrum, buttocks, and ______.
Mongolian spots commonly appear as patches across the sacrum, buttocks, and ______.
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Caput succedaneum is edema that develops in and under the fetal ______ during labor.
Caput succedaneum is edema that develops in and under the fetal ______ during labor.
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To assess coordination of sucking and swallowing, the nurse should observe the neonate’s first ______.
To assess coordination of sucking and swallowing, the nurse should observe the neonate’s first ______.
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To avoid contact with blood, the nurse should wear ______ when handling the neonate.
To avoid contact with blood, the nurse should wear ______ when handling the neonate.
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Vernix caseosa is a cheeselike substance that protects the fetus’s skin in ______.
Vernix caseosa is a cheeselike substance that protects the fetus’s skin in ______.
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The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid during labor indicates possible fetal ______ and the need to evaluate the neonate for meconium aspiration.
The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid during labor indicates possible fetal ______ and the need to evaluate the neonate for meconium aspiration.
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To assess a neonate’s rooting reflex, the nurse touches a finger to the cheek or the corner of the ______.
To assess a neonate’s rooting reflex, the nurse touches a finger to the cheek or the corner of the ______.
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Harlequin sign is present when a neonate who is lying on his side appears red on the dependent side and ______ on the upper side.
Harlequin sign is present when a neonate who is lying on his side appears red on the dependent side and ______ on the upper side.
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Because of the anti-insulin effects of placental hormones, insulin requirements ______ during the third trimester.
Because of the anti-insulin effects of placental hormones, insulin requirements ______ during the third trimester.
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Gestational age can be estimated by ultrasound measurement of maternal abdominal circumference, fetal femur length, and fetal head ______.
Gestational age can be estimated by ultrasound measurement of maternal abdominal circumference, fetal femur length, and fetal head ______.
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Skeletal system abnormalities and ventricular septal defects are the most common disorders of infants born to ______ women.
Skeletal system abnormalities and ventricular septal defects are the most common disorders of infants born to ______ women.
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The patient with preeclampsia usually has puffiness around the eyes or ______ in the hands.
The patient with preeclampsia usually has puffiness around the eyes or ______ in the hands.
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Kegel exercises require contraction and relaxation of the ______ muscles.
Kegel exercises require contraction and relaxation of the ______ muscles.
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If a woman suddenly becomes hypotensive during labor, the nurse should increase the infusion rate of I.V. ______ as prescribed.
If a woman suddenly becomes hypotensive during labor, the nurse should increase the infusion rate of I.V. ______ as prescribed.
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During fetal heart monitoring, early deceleration is caused by compression of the ______ during labor.
During fetal heart monitoring, early deceleration is caused by compression of the ______ during labor.
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After the placenta is delivered, the nurse may add ______ to the patient’s I.V. solution to promote postpartum involution of the uterus.
After the placenta is delivered, the nurse may add ______ to the patient’s I.V. solution to promote postpartum involution of the uterus.
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Cervical suturing is usually done between ______ weeks gestation to reinforce an incompetent cervix.
Cervical suturing is usually done between ______ weeks gestation to reinforce an incompetent cervix.
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The mechanics of delivery include engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, restitution, and ______.
The mechanics of delivery include engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, restitution, and ______.
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The most common method of inducing labor after artificial rupture of the membranes is ______ infusion.
The most common method of inducing labor after artificial rupture of the membranes is ______ infusion.
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To prevent her from developing Rh antibodies, an Rh-negative primigravida should receive ______ after delivering an Rh-positive neonate.
To prevent her from developing Rh antibodies, an Rh-negative primigravida should receive ______ after delivering an Rh-positive neonate.
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Amniocentesis increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, trauma to the fetus or placenta, premature labor, infection, and Rh ______ of the fetus.
Amniocentesis increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, trauma to the fetus or placenta, premature labor, infection, and Rh ______ of the fetus.
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Study Notes
Breastfeeding Guidelines
- Apply mild emollient or breast milk on nipples post-feeding and let breasts air-dry to prevent cracking.
- Increase fluid intake to 2½ to 3 qt (2,500 to 3,000 ml) daily for breastfeeding mothers.
- Rinse the mouth of an infant with a cleft lip or palate using sterile water after feeding.
- HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding; HIV-positive mothers should not breastfeed.
- Colostrum is the first breast secretion post-delivery.
- Allow infants to breastfeed until satisfied, typically between 5 to 20 minutes.
- Most medications taken by nursing mothers can appear in breast milk.
- Prolactin is crucial for milk production.
- Premature infants (32 weeks gestation) can be fed expressed milk via gavage.
- Hot compresses are effective for alleviating breast tenderness post-feeding.
- Breast milk provides maternal antibodies, unlike formula.
Neonatal Care Essentials
- Healthy neonates may lose 5% to 10% of their birth weight initially.
- Normal hemoglobin levels in neonates range from 17 to 20 g/dl.
- Neonate head circumference is typically 2 to 3 cm larger than chest circumference.
- Establishing a neonate's airway is the first nursing action after delivery.
- Neonates' urine specific gravity ranges from 1.003 to 1.030, indicating hydration status.
- The neonatal period lasts from birth to day 28.
- Low-birth-weight is defined as weighing 2,500 g (5 lb 8 oz) or less at birth.
- Very-low-birth-weight represents neonates weighing 1,500 g (3 lb 5 oz) or less at birth.
- During phototherapy, protect a neonate's eyes and genitals.
Common Conditions in Neonates
- Symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome include expiratory grunting, sandpaper breath sounds, and seesaw retractions.
- Assess breech-birth neonates for potential issues like hydrocephalus or fractures.
- Postmature neonates often exhibit long, brittle fingernails and skin peeling (desquamation).
- Infants born to smoking mothers weigh on average 6 oz (170 g) less than those born to non-smoking mothers.
- Neonatal jaundice within the first 24 hours is indicative of pathological jaundice, signaling erythroblastosis fetalis.
- Lanugo typically disappears from the fetus by around 20 weeks gestation.
- Hypoglycemia in neonates can result in temperature instability and seizures.
- Neonates require about 50 to 55 calories per pound of body weight daily.
Monitoring and Interventions
- Variable decelerations during fetal heart rate monitoring suggest umbilical cord issues.
- Monitor neonates of diabetic mothers for hyperinsulinism.
- Assess jaundice by blanching the nose or above the umbilicus.
- Milia may appear as spots on a neonate's nose; strabismus is normally observed.
- Respiratory distress syndrome is common in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant.
- Rubella during pregnancy can cause serious fetal complications, including defects and stillbirths.
Postnatal Care
- The Apgar score evaluates a newborn's conditions post-delivery, considering respiratory effort, heart rate, and muscle tone.
- Administer erythromycin at birth to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum.
- Normal blood glucose levels for neonates are between 45 and 90 mg/dl.
- Hepatitis B vaccine and immune globulin typically administered soon after birth.
- Hypospadias in boys should delay circumcision due to potential surgical needs later.
- Cold stress in neonates impacts various body systems, necessitating careful monitoring.
Maternal Health Considerations
- Preterm neonates may require feeding assistance due to weak sucking reflexes.
- Hypotension during labor should prompt immediate IV fluid rate adjustments.
- The fetal heart rate contraction duration is measured from tension onset to complete relaxation.
- Inducing labor after amniotic rupture commonly involves oxytocin (Pitocin) infusion.
- Post-delivery monitoring should start with an assessment of the fetal heart rate.
- Cesarean births are often due to fetal distress, malpresentation, or inadequate labor progress.
Pregnancy and Drug Safety
- The FDA categorizes drugs by birth defect risk, from Category A (no risk) to X (evidence of fetal anomalies).
- Cervical suturing for incompetent cervix is usually performed between 14 to 18 weeks’ gestation, removed by 35 weeks.
- Meconium presence in amniotic fluid may indicate fetal distress, warranting careful evaluation post-delivery.
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Description
This quiz covers essential care tips for breastfeeding mothers, including how to prevent nipple cracking and the importance of fluid intake. It also addresses feeding infants with special needs, such as those with a cleft lip or palate. Gain insights into maintaining health during breastfeeding.
