Breast Lesions Characteristics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the rare clinical anomaly in which both breast tissue and nipple are absent?

Amastia and Athelia (correct)

Polymastia

Poland Syndrome

Polythelia

Which of the following breast abnormalities can be associated with polythelia?

Inverted nipple

Virginal or Juvenile Breast Hypertrophy

Polymastia (correct)

Tuberous breasts

What is the recommended treatment for polythelia, the presence of supernumerary nipples or nipple areolar complexes?

Excision (correct)

Liposuction

Radiation therapy

Medication

What is the key feature of Poland Syndrome?

Missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for inverted nipple?

No treatment is required as it is a normal variant Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of tuberous breasts?

Constricted base and herniation of breast tissue under an enlarged areola Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of boys that will develop gynecomastia in adolescence?

70% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a secondary cause of gynecomastia?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the management approach for persistent gynecomastia that is causing concern?

Surgery Signup and view all the answers

At what age does premature thelarche typically occur in females?

Before puberty, under the age of 8 Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical breast change is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding breast tissue?

Lumps Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of inflammatory breast cancer according to the text?

Dimpling Signup and view all the answers

What does an obscured border in a breast lesion typically indicate?

It suggests invasive growth into the surrounding tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of evaluating asymmetric density in mammography?

To assess if the breasts have different sizes or forms Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a focal asymmetry lesion being seen on both CC (craniocaudal) and MLO (mediolateral oblique) views?

It implies that the lesion requires further sonographic evaluation and potential sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of calcifications in breast mammography?

They are deposits of calcium salts that are radiopaque on mammography Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of evaluating breast lesions using only one mammographic projection?

It may not provide a complete assessment of the lesion's characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of a surgical biopsy?

It provides a larger tissue sample for more comprehensive evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a wire localization biopsy?

To mark the precise location of the abnormality before surgical removal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is equipped with a vacuum system to assist in tissue collection?

Vacuum-assisted biopsy device Signup and view all the answers

When might genetic testing be recommended for individuals with breast cancer?

When there is a family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations associated with an increased risk of the disease. Signup and view all the answers

How is a surgical biopsy typically performed?

In an operating room using sedation and local anesthetic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a biopsy in the context of breast cancer?

To diagnose breast cancer by examining a sample of tissue from a suspicious area. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs or symptoms is NOT mentioned in the text?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of edema mentioned in the text?

Lymphatic blockade Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of nipple discharge mentioned in the text?

Breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the edema described in the text?

Thickened skin with enlarged pores, resembling an orange peel Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of breast reduction surgery according to the text?

To remove excess fat, tissue, and skin from the breasts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs or symptoms is described as potentially causing constant or occasional pain?

Breast tenderness or sharp burning pain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Breast Pathology

Obscured margins indicate invasive growth into surrounding tissue, making it difficult to distinguish lesion edges from normal tissue.
Asymmetric density occurs when one breast has a different size, volume, position, or form from the other, often evaluated using one projection.
Focal asymmetry is a lesion seen on two mammographic views (CC and MLO) with concave borders, lacking features of a true mass, and requires further sonographic evaluation and potentially percutaneous sampling.
Calcifications are deposits of calcium salts in the breast, radiopaque on mammography, often normal metabolic occurrences, and usually benign.

Breast Abnormalities

Polythelia is the presence of supernumerary nipples or nipple-areolar complexes, occurring anywhere along the mammary ridge, and is treated with simple excision.
Polymastia is common in the axilla and can be associated with polythelia, treated with excision or liposuction.
Amastia and athelia result from the failure of mammary ridges to develop or completely disappear, a rare clinical anomaly.
Poland syndrome is a disorder characterized by missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body, affecting the chest, shoulder, arm, and hand.

Nipple and Breast Changes

Inverted nipple is a normal variant but may represent malignancy or infection, and can be corrected for cosmetic purposes, potentially leading to the inability to breastfeed.
Virginal or juvenile breast hypertrophy is a rare condition with extremely rapid breast growth during puberty.
Tuberous breasts are a congenital anomaly of breast shape, characterized by a constricted base and herniation of breast tissue under an enlarged areola.
Breast asymmetry occurs when one breast has a different size, volume, position, or form from the other, and can be a sign of cancer.

Skin and Breast Changes

Skin irritation can cause a red/reddish-brown rash or irritated skin under the breasts, leading to raw, open areas with oozing, cracked, or crusty skin, and potentially a bacterial or fungal infection.
Pain can include breast tenderness, sharp burning pain, or tightness in the breast tissue, and may be constant or occasional.
Discharge can be caused by various factors, including abscess, breast cancer, breast infection, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), endocrine disorders, and others.

Other Conditions

Gynecomastia is an increase in male breast tissue, often caused by an imbalance in estrogen/androgen ratios, and may be secondary to medications, street drugs, herbal products, or medical conditions.
Breast reduction surgery is an operation to remove extra fat, tissue, and skin from the breasts.
Edema appears as thickened skin with enlarged pores (peau d'orange sign), often seen in the lower portion of the breast or areola.
Nipple retraction occurs when the nipple turns inward instead of outward, except when stimulated.

Clinical Breast Changes

Lumps are localized swelling, protuberance, bulge, or bump in the breast that feels different from the surrounding tissue, and may be caused by infection, trauma, fibroadenoma, cyst, fat necrosis, or fibrocystic breasts.
Swelling occurs due to hormonal changes, causing breasts to feel heavy, achy, and tender.
Dimpling is a common sign of inflammatory breast cancer, drawing its name from an inflamed appearance.

Diagnostic Procedures

Surgical biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue from a suspicious area in the breast for further examination, and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing breast cancer.
Wire localization biopsy involves inserting a thin wire into the breast to mark the precise location of the abnormality before surgical removal.
Genetic testing may be recommended for individuals with a family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations associated with an increased risk of the disease.

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Description

Test your knowledge on characteristics often associated with malignant breast lesions, such as obscured borders and asymmetric density. Understand how these traits can be signs of invasive growth into surrounding tissues.