Breast Cancer Genetics and Management Quiz

Local recurrence in breast cancer requires biopsy to determine if receptor status has changed, impacting subsequent therapy. A whole-body MRI or PET-CT scan is used to detect metastasis. Systemic chemotherapy is followed by surgical excision, often a mastectomy, although second BCS and re-radiotherapy are options.

Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) affects several close relatives and is linked to an identifiable genetic mutation. It accounts for 5-10% of breast cancers.

Familial breast cancer (FBC) affects multiple family members but isn't associated with any known genetic mutation. It accounts for 20-30% of breast cancers.

BRCA1 is a gene mutation associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. It is linked to triple-negative breast cancer.

BRCA2 is a gene mutation linked to a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. It also increases the risk of other cancers, like prostate and pancreatic cancers.

Pregnancy increases the risk of aggressive breast cancer, including TNBC. Imaging techniques like ultrasound, mammography, and MRI are employed. CT and PET-CT are avoided due to radiation exposure.

Women with BRCA mutations can choose a bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction, greatly reducing breast cancer risk. Tamoxifen or anastrozole can also reduce risk. Salpingo-oophorectomy may be recommended after childbearing.

Breast cancer in pregnancy is associated with more aggressive tumor biology, increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).