Breast Cancer and Surgery Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which age group is most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer?

  • Women between 45 and 62
  • Women between 30 and 45
  • Women under 45
  • Women over 62 (correct)

    • What is the percentage of new female cancers each year that are breast cancer?

  • 40%
  • 20%
  • 30% (correct)
  • 10%

    • What is the chance for a woman to die from breast cancer?

  • 1 in 9
  • 1 in 29
  • 1 in 39 (correct)
  • 1 in 19

    • Which of the following is the most common indication for breast surgery?

    <p>Breast cancer excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis?

    <p>62</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of women diagnosed with breast cancer who are younger than 45?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ranking of breast cancer as a cause of cancer death in women?

    <p>Second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer?

    <p>Histological and molecular subtypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is commonly used to screen for breast cancer?

    <p>Mammogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a biopsy?

    <p>To confirm if it's cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible symptom of breast cancer?

    <p>Skin dimpling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of breast cancer?

    <p>Painless lump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might additional tests like CT scans or MRI be done for breast cancer?

    <p>To determine the stage of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of breast imaging is already being used in some centers?

    <p>Breast tomosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible sign of breast cancer spread before the tumor can be felt?

    <p>Swollen lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of breast cancer during pregnancy?

    <p>Swelling of a breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a possible symptom of breast cancer?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there is any change in the breast?

    <p>Seek medical attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of implants are commonly used for breast reconstruction?

    <p>Silicone implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are tissue expanders placed during breast reconstruction?

    <p>Under the pectoral muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of autologous reconstruction mentioned in the text?

    <p>DIE flaps and TRAM flaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does autologous reconstruction involve?

    <p>Transfer of tissue from another part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pedicled flap of tissue include?

    <p>Skin, fat, and muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are DIE flaps and TRAM flaps examples of?

    <p>Free flaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tissue expanders in breast reconstruction?

    <p>To create space for a future prosthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of prosthetic implants used for breast reconstruction?

    <p>Silicone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of autologous reconstruction?

    <p>To restore breast shape and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are free flaps in autologous reconstruction?

    <p>Flaps that are harvested from the donor site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of breast surgery involves the removal of the entire breast, including all breast tissue and sometimes other nearby tissues?

    <p>Mastectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe surgery to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue, where only the part of the breast containing the tumor is removed?

    <p>Lumpectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of breast surgery may involve the removal of both breasts?

    <p>Double mastectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for breast-conserving surgery?

    <p>Multifocal disease, inflammatory breast cancer, and prior radiation to the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery?

    <p>To remove lymph nodes near the armpit to see if cancer has spread beyond the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast to treat or prevent breast cancer?

    <p>Mastectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a simple mastectomy and a modified radical mastectomy?

    <p>The removal of the entire breast and underarm lymph nodes vs. the removal of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and fascia of the pectoralis major muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is breast reconstruction surgery typically performed?

    <p>During the initial surgery to remove the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of material that can be used for breast reconstruction surgery?

    <p>Prosthetic and autologous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of breast cancer is lumpectomy commonly used as a treatment option?

    <p>Stage I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are targeted by the PECS I block?

    <p>Medial and lateral pectoral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of PECS II block over TPVB or TEA?

    <p>Allows blockade of the axilla and intercostal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a serratus anterior plane block?

    <p>To increase the amount of intercostal nerve coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedures can be completed with local or general anesthesia?

    <p>Benign masses and other changes in the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of other changes in the breast that may need to be biopsied or removed?

    <p>Granular cell tumor and lipomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of PECS I and II blocks?

    <p>Reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of regional anesthesia techniques in breast surgery?

    <p>To provide excellent postoperative analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coverage area of a serratus anterior plane block?

    <p>From T2 to T9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerves are blocked by the PECS II block?

    <p>Lateral branch of the intercostal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of PECS I and II blocks over TPVB or TEA?

    <p>Reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap procedure, what is removed from the patient's body?

    <p>A section of abdominal skin and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a free TRAM flap procedure?

    <p>To attach abdominal tissue to blood vessels in the chest area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered during the preoperative assessment for breast cancer surgery?

    <p>The patient's premorbid status and any adverse effects from neoadjuvant therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the use of certain chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment?

    <p>Cardiac toxicity, including cardiomyopathy and prolongation of the QT interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hematopoietic adverse effects of neoadjuvant therapy?

    <p>Myelosuppression, perioperative anemia, increased bleeding risk, and neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agents may continue to be used in the perioperative period for breast cancer treatment?

    <p>Hormonal agents, such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DIEP flap procedure?

    <p>To create a breast using abdominal skin and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imaging may be required during the preoperative assessment for breast cancer surgery?

    <p>ECG or echocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible manifestation of hematopoietic adverse effects of neoadjuvant therapy?

    <p>Perioperative anemia and increased bleeding risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a free TRAM flap procedure?

    <p>To attach abdominal tissue to blood vessels in the chest area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is known to be cardiotoxic and may increase the risk of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive tumors?

    <p>Trastuzumab (Herceptin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for induction of anesthesia during breast cancer surgery?

    <p>Using TIVA or a combination of inhalation and IV agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to insert the IV in the contralateral arm to the surgery during breast cancer surgery?

    <p>To avoid upper limb lymphedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of airway management is suitable for shorter breast cancer surgery procedures?

    <p>Supraglottic airway devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used for temperature monitoring during breast cancer surgery procedures lasting more than 30 minutes?

    <p>Convective forced-air warmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be paid attention to during flap surgery, particularly free flaps, to aid in perfusion of the flap during breast cancer surgery?

    <p>Avoidance of hypothermia, hypovolemia, and vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to prevent brachial plexus injuries during breast cancer surgery?

    <p>Position of the arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred technique for regional anesthesia during breast cancer surgery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of using regional anesthesia techniques during breast cancer surgery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of early postoperative VTE prophylaxis in breast cancer surgery?

    <p>To reduce the risk of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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