68 Questions
Which age group is most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer?
Women over 62
What is the percentage of new female cancers each year that are breast cancer?
30%
What is the chance for a woman to die from breast cancer?
1 in 39
Which of the following is the most common indication for breast surgery?
Breast cancer excision
What is the median age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis?
62
What is the percentage of women diagnosed with breast cancer who are younger than 45?
10%
What is the ranking of breast cancer as a cause of cancer death in women?
Second
What determines the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer?
Histological and molecular subtypes
Which test is commonly used to screen for breast cancer?
Mammogram
What is the purpose of a biopsy?
To confirm if it's cancer
Which of the following is a possible symptom of breast cancer?
Skin dimpling
What is the most common symptom of breast cancer?
Painless lump
When might additional tests like CT scans or MRI be done for breast cancer?
To determine the stage of cancer
Which type of breast imaging is already being used in some centers?
Breast tomosynthesis
What is a possible sign of breast cancer spread before the tumor can be felt?
Swollen lymph nodes
What is a possible symptom of breast cancer during pregnancy?
Swelling of a breast
Which of the following is not a possible symptom of breast cancer?
Headache
What should be done if there is any change in the breast?
Seek medical attention
Which type of implants are commonly used for breast reconstruction?
Silicone implants
Where are tissue expanders placed during breast reconstruction?
Under the pectoral muscles
What are the two types of autologous reconstruction mentioned in the text?
DIE flaps and TRAM flaps
What does autologous reconstruction involve?
Transfer of tissue from another part of the body
What does a pedicled flap of tissue include?
Skin, fat, and muscle
What are DIE flaps and TRAM flaps examples of?
Free flaps
What is the purpose of tissue expanders in breast reconstruction?
To create space for a future prosthesis
What is the nature of prosthetic implants used for breast reconstruction?
Silicone
What is the primary purpose of autologous reconstruction?
To restore breast shape and volume
What are free flaps in autologous reconstruction?
Flaps that are harvested from the donor site
Which type of breast surgery involves the removal of the entire breast, including all breast tissue and sometimes other nearby tissues?
Mastectomy
What is the term used to describe surgery to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue, where only the part of the breast containing the tumor is removed?
Lumpectomy
Which type of breast surgery may involve the removal of both breasts?
Double mastectomy
What are the contraindications for breast-conserving surgery?
Multifocal disease, inflammatory breast cancer, and prior radiation to the breast
What is the purpose of a sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery?
To remove lymph nodes near the armpit to see if cancer has spread beyond the breast
What is the term used to describe surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast to treat or prevent breast cancer?
Mastectomy
What is the difference between a simple mastectomy and a modified radical mastectomy?
The removal of the entire breast and underarm lymph nodes vs. the removal of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and fascia of the pectoralis major muscle
When is breast reconstruction surgery typically performed?
During the initial surgery to remove the tumor
What are the two types of material that can be used for breast reconstruction surgery?
Prosthetic and autologous
In which stage of breast cancer is lumpectomy commonly used as a treatment option?
Stage I
Which nerves are targeted by the PECS I block?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
What is the advantage of PECS II block over TPVB or TEA?
Allows blockade of the axilla and intercostal nerves
What is the purpose of a serratus anterior plane block?
To increase the amount of intercostal nerve coverage
Which procedures can be completed with local or general anesthesia?
Benign masses and other changes in the breast
What are examples of other changes in the breast that may need to be biopsied or removed?
Granular cell tumor and lipomas
What are the benefits of PECS I and II blocks?
Reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements
What is the purpose of regional anesthesia techniques in breast surgery?
To provide excellent postoperative analgesia
What is the coverage area of a serratus anterior plane block?
From T2 to T9
What nerves are blocked by the PECS II block?
Lateral branch of the intercostal nerve
What is the advantage of PECS I and II blocks over TPVB or TEA?
Reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements
During a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap procedure, what is removed from the patient's body?
A section of abdominal skin and fat
What is the purpose of a free TRAM flap procedure?
To attach abdominal tissue to blood vessels in the chest area
What should be considered during the preoperative assessment for breast cancer surgery?
The patient's premorbid status and any adverse effects from neoadjuvant therapy
What can result from the use of certain chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment?
Cardiac toxicity, including cardiomyopathy and prolongation of the QT interval
What are the hematopoietic adverse effects of neoadjuvant therapy?
Myelosuppression, perioperative anemia, increased bleeding risk, and neutropenia
What type of agents may continue to be used in the perioperative period for breast cancer treatment?
Hormonal agents, such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors
What is the purpose of a DIEP flap procedure?
To create a breast using abdominal skin and fat
What type of imaging may be required during the preoperative assessment for breast cancer surgery?
ECG or echocardiography
What is a possible manifestation of hematopoietic adverse effects of neoadjuvant therapy?
Perioperative anemia and increased bleeding risk
What is the purpose of a free TRAM flap procedure?
To attach abdominal tissue to blood vessels in the chest area
Which agent is known to be cardiotoxic and may increase the risk of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive tumors?
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
What is the recommended method for induction of anesthesia during breast cancer surgery?
Using TIVA or a combination of inhalation and IV agents
Why is it important to insert the IV in the contralateral arm to the surgery during breast cancer surgery?
To avoid upper limb lymphedema
What type of airway management is suitable for shorter breast cancer surgery procedures?
Supraglottic airway devices
What should be used for temperature monitoring during breast cancer surgery procedures lasting more than 30 minutes?
Convective forced-air warmer
What should be paid attention to during flap surgery, particularly free flaps, to aid in perfusion of the flap during breast cancer surgery?
Avoidance of hypothermia, hypovolemia, and vasoconstriction
What should be monitored to prevent brachial plexus injuries during breast cancer surgery?
Position of the arms
What is the preferred technique for regional anesthesia during breast cancer surgery?
All of the above
What are the benefits of using regional anesthesia techniques during breast cancer surgery?
All of the above
What is the purpose of early postoperative VTE prophylaxis in breast cancer surgery?
To reduce the risk of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Test your knowledge on breast cancer and breast surgery with this informative quiz. Learn about the most common indications for breast surgery, the prevalence of breast cancer in women, and important facts about this disease.
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