S10 Easy - Glycolysis

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Where is the active site of glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme located?

Golgi apparatus

ER lumen (correct)

Mitochondria

Cytosol

Fast-twitch muscle fibers use aerobic glycolysis for metabolism.

False

What is the last source of material for gluconeogenesis?

muscle protein (after glycogen and fat)

Lactate is transferred by _______________________ cells.

red blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the sources of lactate with their descriptions:

Fast-twitch muscle fiber = Uses anaerobic glycolysis for metabolism Red blood cells = Transfers lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis?

Synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources Signup and view all the answers

Cori Cycle involves the synthesis of glucose from lactate.

True Signup and view all the answers

An important function of glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme is to regulate _______________________ levels.

blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of carbohydrate digestion?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis is an anabolic pathway.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard free energy change associated with the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O?

-2,840 kJ/mol Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis is a series of __________ enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

ten Signup and view all the answers

Match the following metabolic pathways with their respective functions:

Glycolysis = Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate Gluconeogenesis = Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of non-digestible carbohydrates, such as cellulose?

They are not absorbed and end up in feces Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs during the breakdown of glycogen?

Phosphorolysis Signup and view all the answers

The breakdown of glycogen releases glucose-1-phosphate.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogen phosphorylase in the breakdown of glycogen?

catalyzes the phosphorolytic breakdown of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Glycogen is a type of _______________ storing glucose molecules.

homopolymer Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the phosphorolytic breakdown of glycogen?

Glycogen molecule is shortened by one glucose residue Signup and view all the answers

Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of glycogen.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the nonreducing end of a glycogen molecule?

it is the site of phosphorolytic breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Match the following enzyme with its function:

Glycogen phosphorylase = Catalyzes the phosphorolytic breakdown of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Breakdown of Glycogen to Supply Glucose

Glycogen is a homopolymer of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose 1-phosphate through a phosphorolysis reaction
The reaction involves the attack of inorganic phosphate on the terminal glucosyl residue at the non-reducing end of a glycogen molecule
Glucose 1-phosphate is released, and the glycogen molecule is shortened by one glucose residue

Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The pathway of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is regulated to maintain blood sugar levels within an acceptable range
The Cori Cycle plays a key role in this regulation by synthesizing glucose from lactate
Lactate is sourced from fast-twitch muscle fibers and red blood cells
Gluconeogenesis from amino acids involves protein mobilization, with muscle protein being the last source of material for gluconeogenesis

Digestion of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates must be broken down into monosaccharides to be absorbed through the intestine wall and into the bloodstream
Monosaccharides are transported into cells by passive diffusion through transmembrane proteins
Non-digestible carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are not absorbed and end up in feces

Major Pathways of Glucose Utilization

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway are major pathways of glucose utilization
Glycolysis and catabolism involve the breakdown of glucose, while gluconeogenesis and anabolism involve the synthesis of glucose
Glycolysis yields ATP, NADH, and pyruvate as products

What is Glycolysis?

Glycolysis is a series of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions that degrade glucose into pyruvate
Glucose is the major fuel of most organisms and is rich in potential energy
The complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O proceeds with a standard free energy change of -2,840 kJ/mol

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Understand the process of glycogen breakdown to supply glucose in the body, involving glycogen phosphorylase and inorganic phosphate.