Branches of Science

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences: Study of natural phenomena and laws of nature
  • Biology: Study of living organisms and their interactions
  • Chemistry: Study of composition, properties, and reactions of matter
  • Physics: Study of matter, energy, and the fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences: Study of formal systems and languages
  • Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
  • Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation
• Applied Sciences: Practical application of scientific knowledge
  • Engineering: Design, development, and maintenance of systems and structures
  • Medicine: Study of health, disease, and treatment
  • Technology: Development and application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Scientific Method

• Observation: Identify a problem or phenomenon
• Hypothesis: Formulate a tentative explanation
• Prediction: Make a prediction based on the hypothesis
• Experimentation: Test the hypothesis through experimentation
• Analysis: Analyze data and draw conclusions
• Conclusion: Refine or reject the hypothesis based on results

Key Concepts

• Theory: Well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• Law: Statement that describes a consistent pattern or relationship
• Hypothesis: Tentative explanation for a phenomenon
• Variable: Factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment
• Control: Standard against which other variables are compared

Characteristics of Science

• Objectivity: Focus on empirical evidence and facts
• Systematic: Use of a structured approach to inquiry
• Testability: Hypotheses and theories can be tested and validated
• Parsimony: Preference for simple explanations over complex ones
• Repeatability: Results can be replicated and verified by others

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences study natural phenomena and laws of nature
• Biology studies living organisms and their interactions
• Chemistry studies composition, properties, and reactions of matter
• Physics studies matter, energy, and fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences study formal systems and languages
• Mathematics studies numbers, quantities, and shapes
• Logic studies reasoning and argumentation
• Applied Sciences is the practical application of scientific knowledge
• Engineering designs, develops, and maintains systems and structures
• Medicine studies health, disease, and treatment
• Technology develops and applies scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Scientific Method

• Observation involves identifying a problem or phenomenon
• A hypothesis is a tentative explanation
• Prediction involves making a prediction based on the hypothesis
• Experimentation involves testing the hypothesis through experimentation
• Analysis involves analyzing data and drawing conclusions
• The conclusion involves refining or rejecting the hypothesis based on results

Key Concepts

• A theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• A law is a statement that describes a consistent pattern or relationship
• A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a phenomenon
• A variable is a factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment
• A control is a standard against which other variables are compared

Characteristics of Science

• Objectivity involves a focus on empirical evidence and facts
• Systematic involves using a structured approach to inquiry
• Testability involves being able to test and validate hypotheses and theories
• Parsimony involves preferring simple explanations over complex ones
• Repeatability involves being able to replicate and verify results by others

Explore the different branches of science, including natural sciences, formal sciences, and applied sciences.