Branches of Science

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences: Study of natural phenomena and laws of nature
  • Biology: Study of living organisms and their interactions
  • Chemistry: Study of composition, structure, and properties of matter
  • Physics: Study of energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences: Study of formal systems and languages
  • Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
  • Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation
• Social Sciences: Study of human behavior and social structures
  • Psychology: Study of human behavior and mental processes
  • Sociology: Study of social structures, institutions, and relationships
  • Anthropology: Study of human cultures, languages, and societies
• Applied Sciences: Practical application of scientific knowledge
  • Engineering: Application of scientific principles to design, build, and maintain structures and systems
  • Medicine: Application of scientific principles to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases

Scientific Method

• Observation: Identifying a problem or phenomenon
• Hypothesis: Formulating a tentative explanation
• Prediction: Making educated guesses based on the hypothesis
• Experimentation: Testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments
• Analysis: Interpreting data and results
• Conclusion: Drawing conclusions based on the data and results

Scientific Theories

• A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• Theories are not just guesses or hypotheses, but rather explanations that have been extensively tested and supported by evidence
• Examples of scientific theories include:
  • The theory of gravity
  • The theory of evolution
  • The atomic theory of matter

Scientific Tools and Techniques

• Measurement: Using instruments to quantify and record data
• Observation: Using senses to gather data
• Experimentation: Controlled testing of hypotheses
• Modeling: Creating representations of systems or phenomena
• Simulation: Using models to mimic real-world scenarios

Science and Society

• Science informs policy and decision-making
• Science has practical applications in everyday life
• Science has ethical implications and responsibilities
• Science is a global effort, with international collaboration and communication

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences study natural phenomena and laws of nature, comprising Biology, Chemistry, and Physics
• Biology explores living organisms and their interactions
• Chemistry examines the composition, structure, and properties of matter
• Physics investigates energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences focus on formal systems and languages, including Mathematics and Logic
• Mathematics deals with numbers, quantities, and shapes
• Logic examines reasoning and argumentation
• Social Sciences investigate human behavior and social structures, encompassing Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology
• Psychology explores human behavior and mental processes
• Sociology examines social structures, institutions, and relationships
• Anthropology studies human cultures, languages, and societies
• Applied Sciences involve the practical application of scientific knowledge, including Engineering and Medicine
• Engineering applies scientific principles to design, build, and maintain structures and systems
• Medicine applies scientific principles to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases

Scientific Method

• Observation involves identifying a problem or phenomenon
• Hypothesis formulation provides a tentative explanation
• Prediction involves making educated guesses based on the hypothesis
• Experimentation tests the hypothesis through controlled experiments
• Analysis interprets data and results
• Conclusion draws conclusions based on the data and results

Scientific Theories

• A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• Theories are not just guesses or hypotheses, but rather explanations that have been extensively tested and supported by evidence
• Examples of scientific theories include the theory of gravity, the theory of evolution, and the atomic theory of matter

Scientific Tools and Techniques

• Measurement uses instruments to quantify and record data
• Observation uses senses to gather data
• Experimentation involves controlled testing of hypotheses
• Modeling creates representations of systems or phenomena
• Simulation uses models to mimic real-world scenarios

Science and Society

• Science informs policy and decision-making
• Science has practical applications in everyday life
• Science has ethical implications and responsibilities
• Science is a global effort, with international collaboration and communication