Branches of Science

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences: Study of natural phenomena and laws of nature
  • Biology: Study of living organisms and their interactions
  • Chemistry: Study of properties, composition, and reactions of matter
  • Physics: Study of energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences: Study of formal systems and languages
  • Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
  • Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation
• Applied Sciences: Practical application of scientific knowledge
  • Engineering: Design and development of solutions to practical problems
  • Medicine: Application of scientific knowledge to prevent and treat diseases
  • Technology: Development of tools and machines to improve human life

Scientific Method

• Observation: Making a careful observation of a phenomenon
• Hypothesis: Formulating a tentative explanation for the phenomenon
• Prediction: Making a prediction based on the hypothesis
• Experimentation: Testing the hypothesis through experimentation
• Analysis: Analyzing the data collected during experimentation
• Conclusion: Drawing a conclusion based on the analysis

Scientific Principles

• Empiricism: Knowledge comes from experience and observation
• Objectivity: Scientific results should be independent of personal biases
• Repeatability: Scientific experiments should be repeatable and verifiable
• Parsimony: The simplest explanation is usually the best one
• Falsifiability: Scientific theories should be open to testing and potential disproof

Key Concepts

• Theory: A well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• Law: A statement that describes a consistent pattern of behavior
• Hypothesis: A tentative explanation for a phenomenon
• Variable: A factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment
• Control: A standard against which other variables are compared

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences encompass the study of natural phenomena and laws of nature, including Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
• Formal Sciences involve the study of formal systems and languages, comprising Mathematics and Logic.
• Applied Sciences focus on the practical application of scientific knowledge, including Engineering, Medicine, and Technology.

Scientific Method

Observation

• Making a careful observation of a phenomenon is the first step in the scientific method.

Formulation of Hypothesis

• A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for the observed phenomenon.

Prediction and Experimentation

• A prediction is made based on the hypothesis, and then tested through experimentation.

Data Analysis and Conclusion

• The data collected during experimentation is analyzed, and a conclusion is drawn based on the analysis.

Scientific Principles

• Empiricism: Knowledge comes from experience and observation.
• Objectivity: Scientific results should be independent of personal biases.
• Repeatability: Scientific experiments should be repeatable and verifiable.
• Parsimony: The simplest explanation is usually the best one.
• Falsifiability: Scientific theories should be open to testing and potential disproof.

Key Concepts

• Theory: A well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena.
• Law: A statement that describes a consistent pattern of behavior.
• Hypothesis: A tentative explanation for a phenomenon.
• Variable: A factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment.
• Control: A standard against which other variables are compared.

This quiz covers the different branches of science, including natural sciences, formal sciences, and applied sciences. Test your knowledge of biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and logic.