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Modern science is typically divided into three major branches: the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the formal sciences.
Modern science is typically divided into three major branches: the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the formal sciences.
e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology; e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology; e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science
Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as in ______.
Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as in ______.
engineering and medicine
The history of science spans the majority of the historical record, with the earliest written records of identifiable predecessors to modern science dating to ______.
The history of science spans the majority of the historical record, with the earliest written records of identifiable predecessors to modern science dating to ______.
Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia from around 3000 to 1200 BCE
Science is a ______ that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world.
Science is a ______ that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world.
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The formal sciences study ______.
The formal sciences study ______.
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There is ______, because they do not rely on empirical evidence.
There is ______, because they do not rely on empirical evidence.
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During the Golden Age of India, the Hindu–Arabic numeral system was introduced, and further advancements were made by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek manuscripts from the dying Byzantine Empire to Western Europe in the Renaissance. The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived '______ philosophy', which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape, along with the changing of '______ philosophy' to '______ science'. New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems. Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and is usually done by teams in academic and research institutions, government agencies, and companies. The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the ethical and moral development of commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and environmental protection. == Etymology == The word science has been used in Middle English since the 14th century in the sense of 'the state of knowing'. The word was borrowed from the Anglo-Norman language as the suffix -cience, which was borrowed from the Latin word scientia, meaning 'knowledge, awareness, understanding'. It is a noun derivative of the Latin sciens meaning 'knowing', and undisputedly derived from the Latin sciō, the present participle scīre, meaning 'to know'. There are many hypotheses for science's ultimate word origin. According to Michiel de Vaan, Dutch linguist and Indo-Europeanist, sciō may have its origin in the Proto-Italic language as *skije- or *skijo- meaning 'to know', which may originate from Proto-Indo-European language as *skh1-ie, *skh1-io, meaning 'to incise'. The Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben proposed sciō is a back-form.
During the Golden Age of India, the Hindu–Arabic numeral system was introduced, and further advancements were made by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek manuscripts from the dying Byzantine Empire to Western Europe in the Renaissance. The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived '______ philosophy', which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape, along with the changing of '______ philosophy' to '______ science'. New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems. Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and is usually done by teams in academic and research institutions, government agencies, and companies. The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the ethical and moral development of commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and environmental protection. == Etymology == The word science has been used in Middle English since the 14th century in the sense of 'the state of knowing'. The word was borrowed from the Anglo-Norman language as the suffix -cience, which was borrowed from the Latin word scientia, meaning 'knowledge, awareness, understanding'. It is a noun derivative of the Latin sciens meaning 'knowing', and undisputedly derived from the Latin sciō, the present participle scīre, meaning 'to know'. There are many hypotheses for science's ultimate word origin. According to Michiel de Vaan, Dutch linguist and Indo-Europeanist, sciō may have its origin in the Proto-Italic language as *skije- or *skijo- meaning 'to know', which may originate from Proto-Indo-European language as *skh1-ie, *skh1-io, meaning 'to incise'. The Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben proposed sciō is a back-form.
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