Branches of Science Overview

Systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.
Aims to develop explanations based on empirical evidence.

Natural Sciences
- Focus on the natural world.
- Includes:
  - Physics: Study of matter, energy, and their interactions.
  - Chemistry: Study of substances and their reactions.
  - Biology: Study of living organisms and life processes.
Formal Sciences
- Study of abstract concepts.
- Includes:
  - Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns.
  - Statistics: Study of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
  - Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation.
Social Sciences
- Study of human behavior and societies.
- Includes:
  - Psychology: Study of the mind and behavior.
  - Sociology: Study of social behavior and societies.
  - Economics: Study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Theory: Well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; supported by a body of evidence.
Law: Statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes an aspect of the world.
Hypothesis: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon; must be testable and falsifiable.
Variables:
- Independent Variable: manipulated in an experiment.
- Dependent Variable: measured in response to changes.
- Control Variables: kept constant to ensure valid results.

Systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.
Aims to create explanations based on empirical evidence and measurable phenomena.

Natural Sciences: Focuses on understanding the natural world.
- Physics: Examines matter, energy, and their interactions.
- Chemistry: Investigates substances and their chemical reactions.
- Biology: Analyzes living organisms and life processes.
Formal Sciences: Concerned with abstract concepts and logical reasoning.
- Mathematics: Studies numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns.
- Statistics: Focuses on data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
- Logic: Explores the principles of reasoning and argumentation.
Social Sciences: Investigates human behavior and societal interactions.
- Psychology: Explores the mind and human behavior.
- Sociology: Studies social behavior and societal structures.
- Economics: Analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

A structured approach to inquiry and experimentation.
Observation: Identify a phenomenon for study.
Question: Formulate a question stemming from initial observations.
Hypothesis: Propose a testable explanation for the observed phenomenon.
Experiment: Design and conduct experiments to evaluate the hypothesis.
Analysis: Analyze the data obtained from experiments.
Conclusion: Draw conclusions based on data analysis.
Communication: Share findings with the scientific community for validation and critique.

Theory: A comprehensive explanation supported by a substantial body of evidence regarding a natural phenomenon.
Law: A statement derived from repeated experimental observations, describing a consistent aspect of the world.
Hypothesis: A testable and falsifiable proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
Variables:
- Independent Variable: The factor manipulated during an experiment.
- Dependent Variable: The outcome measured in response to changes in the independent variable.
- Control Variables: Factors kept constant to validate experimental results.

Fuels technological advancements and fosters innovation.
Provides critical insights into health, environmental issues, and societal challenges.
Informs policy decisions and ethical considerations in various fields.
Enhances overall knowledge and understanding of the universe and its workings.