Branches of Science

Natural Sciences: study of natural phenomena and laws of nature
- Biology: study of living organisms and their interactions
- Chemistry: study of properties, composition, and reactions of matter
- Physics: study of energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe
Formal Sciences: study of formal systems and languages
- Mathematics: study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
- Logic: study of reasoning and argumentation
Applied Sciences: application of scientific knowledge to practical problems
- Engineering: application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and build
- Medicine: application of scientific knowledge to health and disease
- Technology: application of scientific knowledge to develop new products and processes

Measurement: use of instruments to quantify observations
Microscopy: use of microscopes to study small objects and structures
Spectroscopy: use of instruments to analyze the properties of light and matter
Modeling: use of mathematical or physical models to simulate real-world phenomena
Simulation: use of computer models to simulate real-world phenomena

Natural Sciences: study of natural phenomena and laws of nature, including biology, chemistry, and physics.
Biology: study of living organisms and their interactions, such as structure, function, and evolution.
Chemistry: study of properties, composition, and reactions of matter, including atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions.
Physics: study of energy, matter, and the fundamental laws of the universe, including motion, force, and energy.

Mathematics: study of numbers, quantities, and shapes, including algebra, geometry, and calculus.
Logic: study of reasoning and argumentation, including deduction, induction, and inference.

Engineering: application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and build, including mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering.
Medicine: application of scientific knowledge to health and disease, including diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Technology: application of scientific knowledge to develop new products and processes, including computer science and biotechnology.

Observation: identification of a problem or phenomenon through systematic observation and data collection.
Hypothesis: proposed explanation for the phenomenon, based on observation and research.
Prediction: expected outcome based on the hypothesis, including predictions and forecasts.
Experimentation: testing of the hypothesis through controlled experiments, including variable manipulation and data collection.
Analysis: interpretation of data from the experiment, including data analysis and statistical methods.
Conclusion: drawing of conclusions based on the results, including logical reasoning and evidence-based decision-making.

Theory: well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena, including a set of principles and laws that explain a phenomenon.
Law: statement of a consistent pattern or relationship, including laws of physics and laws of nature.
Hypothesis: proposed explanation for a phenomenon, including a conjecture or educated guess.
Variable: factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment, including independent and dependent variables.
Control: standard against which the experiment is compared, including a control group or baseline.
Data: information collected during an experiment, including quantitative and qualitative data.

Measurement: use of instruments to quantify observations, including measurement tools and techniques.
Microscopy: use of microscopes to study small objects and structures, including light microscopy and electron microscopy.
Spectroscopy: use of instruments to analyze the properties of light and matter, including spectroscopy and spectrophotometry.
Modeling: use of mathematical or physical models to simulate real-world phenomena, including conceptual models and mathematical models.
Simulation: use of computer models to simulate real-world phenomena, including computer simulations and virtual reality.