Branches of Political Science

A parliamentary system has a fusion of powers, with the executive (prime minister) being chosen by the legislature and dependent on its support, while a presidential system has a separation of powers with a directly elected president and legislature. For example, the United Kingdom operates on a parliamentary system, while the United States has a presidential system.

Legitimacy refers to the acceptance and adherence to a government's authority and rules by its citizens. It's essential for effective governance because it fosters compliance, limits resistance, and allows for the smooth operation of public institutions. For instance, a government with high legitimacy might have a higher rate of tax compliance due to citizens' belief in the fairness and effectiveness of its policies.

Liberalism typically emphasizes individual rights, freedoms, and limited government intervention, while conservatism values tradition, order, and established institutions. For example, liberals might advocate for greater social welfare programs, while conservatives might prioritize fiscal discipline.

<p>Sovereignty refers to the supreme power of a state within its territory. In international relations, it's a key concept because it defines statehood and implies that states have the right to govern their affairs independently of other actors. The concept of sovereignty is often central to debates on issues like national security, foreign policy, and international law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritarianism involves the concentration of power in a small group or one person with limited or no input from citizens, while totalitarianism seeks absolute control over every aspect of life, including the economy, culture, and personal choices. Nazi Germany under Hitler exemplifies totalitarianism, while modern-day China with its centralized Communist Party rule is often categorized as authoritarian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political theory investigates fundamental questions about justice, liberty, and the state, and it provides a framework for understanding the nature of power, governance, and political institutions. It explores different philosophical perspectives on concepts like democracy, rights, and the role of the state in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Democratic systems feature free and fair elections, protection for individual rights, and rule of law, while authoritarian regimes limit or restrict these elements, often suppressing dissent and curtailing individual freedoms. For example, democratic systems allow for regular transitions of power, while authoritarian regimes often maintain power through force or manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative politics examines political systems and processes across different countries, which provides insights into international relations. By comparing domestic political structures, policies, and behavior in various nations, it helps us understand how these factors shape international interactions and global governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gain public support for candidates or policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realism prioritizes national interests and security, while liberalism emphasizes cooperation and mutual benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative research and quantitative research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lobbying is the effort to influence policy-makers by interest groups, significant for shaping legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization, economic inequality, and regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers