Branches of Physics

Mechanics: Study of motion, forces, and energy.
Thermodynamics: Study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer.
Electromagnetism: Study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves.
Optics: Study of light, its properties, and behavior.
Quantum Mechanics: Study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
Relativity: Study of the nature of space and time, including special relativity and general relativity.

Space and Time: Three dimensions of space (length, width, height) and one dimension of time.
Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Energy: Ability to do work, comes in different forms (kinetic, potential, thermal, etc.).
Forces: Pushes or pulls that cause objects to change their motion.
Motion: Change in position of an object over time.

Newton's Laws of Motion:
1. Inertia: Objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion.
2. Force and Acceleration: Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration.
3. Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Law of Universal Gravitation: Every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.

Atomic Model: Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Wave-Particle Duality: Particles, such as electrons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
Theory of Relativity: Time and space are relative, and the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion.
Standard Model of Particle Physics: Describes the behavior of fundamental particles, such as quarks and leptons, and the forces that govern their interactions.

Isaac Newton: Developed laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Albert Einstein: Developed theory of relativity and contributed to the development of quantum mechanics.
Marie Curie: Discovered radioactive elements and pioneered the use of X-rays in medicine.
Max Planck: Introduced the concept of quantized energy and founded quantum theory.
Niels Bohr: Developed the Bohr model of the atom and contributed to the development of quantum mechanics.

Mechanics deals with motion, forces, and energy, covering topics like kinematics, dynamics, and energy transfer.
Thermodynamics studies heat, temperature, and energy transfer, including laws of thermodynamics and thermodynamic systems.
Electromagnetism explores electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves, including electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic spectrum.
Optics examines light, its properties, and behavior, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
Quantum Mechanics delves into the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level, covering wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle.
Relativity investigates the nature of space and time, including special relativity, general relativity, and time dilation.

Space and time consist of three dimensions of space (length, width, height) and one dimension of time.
Matter has mass and occupies space, and can exist in different states (solid, liquid, gas).
Energy comes in various forms (kinetic, potential, thermal, etc.) and can be converted from one form to another.
Forces are pushes or pulls that cause objects to change their motion, and can be classified as contact or non-contact forces.
Motion is a change in position of an object over time, and can be described by velocity, acceleration, and displacement.

Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion, unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion relates force and acceleration, with force equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration.
Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The Law of Universal Gravitation describes the gravitational attraction between two point masses, with force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
The Conservation of Energy principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
The Conservation of Momentum principle states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.

The Atomic Model consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons and neutrons forming the nucleus and electrons orbiting around it.
Wave-Particle Duality describes the ability of particles, such as electrons, to exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
The Theory of Relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time, introducing concepts like time dilation and length contraction.
The Standard Model of Particle Physics describes the behavior of fundamental particles, such as quarks and leptons, and the forces that govern their interactions.

Isaac Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, laying the foundation for classical mechanics.
Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, and was a pioneer in the field of theoretical physics.
Marie Curie discovered radioactive elements, pioneered the use of X-rays in medicine, and was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
Max Planck introduced the concept of quantized energy and founded quantum theory, leading to a fundamental shift in our understanding of the physical world.
Niels Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, and was a pioneer in the field of nuclear physics.