Branches of Physics

Mechanics: Study of motion, forces, and energy
Thermodynamics: Study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer
Electromagnetism: Study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves
Optics: Study of light, vision, and optical instruments
Acoustics: Study of sound and its properties
Nuclear Physics: Study of atomic nuclei and nuclear reactions
Condensed Matter Physics: Study of solids and liquids
Particle Physics: Study of fundamental particles and forces
Astrophysics: Study of physical nature of celestial objects and phenomena
Biophysics: Study of physical principles underlying biological systems

Space and Time: Dimensions, frames of reference, relativity
Matter and Energy: Types of matter, energy forms, conservation laws
Forces and Interactions: Gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces
Motion and Kinematics: Describing and analyzing motion, velocity, acceleration
Energy and Work: Types of energy, energy transfer, work and efficiency
Waves and Oscillations: Types of waves, wave properties, oscillations and simple harmonic motion

Mechanics deals with motion, forces, and energy, encompassing kinematics, dynamics, and statics.
Thermodynamics explores heat, temperature, and energy transfer, including laws of thermodynamics and thermodynamic processes.
Electromagnetism covers electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves, including electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic spectrum.
Optics involves light, vision, and optical instruments, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, and optical fibers.
Acoustics examines sound and its properties, including sound waves, frequency, amplitude, and sound perception.
Nuclear Physics delves into atomic nuclei and nuclear reactions, including radioactivity, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.
Condensed Matter Physics investigates solids and liquids, including crystal structures, phase transitions, and material properties.
Particle Physics explores fundamental particles and forces, including quarks, leptons, and fundamental interactions.
Astrophysics studies the physical nature of celestial objects and phenomena, including stars, galaxies, and cosmology.
Biophysics applies physical principles to biological systems, including molecular biology, bioenergetics, and biomolecular interactions.

Space and Time consists of three dimensions of space and one of time, with frames of reference and relativity playing crucial roles.
Matter and Energy encompass different types of matter, various energy forms, and conservation laws.
Forces and Interactions involve gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces, which shape the universe.
Motion and Kinematics describe and analyze motion, velocity, acceleration, and kinematic equations.
Energy and Work explore types of energy, energy transfer, work, and efficiency, including potential and kinetic energy.
Waves and Oscillations include types of waves, wave properties, oscillations, and simple harmonic motion.

Galileo Galilei developed laws of motion, challenged Aristotelian views, and introduced the concept of inertia.
Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation, which revolutionized our understanding of the universe.
Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, explained the photoelectric effect, and introduced the famous equation E=mc².
Marie Curie discovered radioactivity, pioneered nuclear physics, and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
Niels Bohr developed the model of atomic structure, contributed to quantum mechanics, and introduced the concept of complementarity.
Erwin Schrödinger developed quantum mechanics, introduced the wave function, and founded the field of quantum biology.

Mathematics is essential in physics, with calculus, linear algebra, and differential equations being crucial tools.
Experimental Methods involve measurement, observation, data analysis, and error analysis to ensure accurate results.
Instrumentation includes microscopes, telescopes, spectrometers, and accelerators, which enable researchers to explore the physical world.
Computational Physics employs simulation, modeling, and numerical methods to analyze complex systems and make predictions.

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