Branches of Mathematics Overview

Arithmetic: Basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division).
Algebra: Study of symbols and rules for manipulating these symbols; includes solving equations.
Geometry: Study of shapes, sizes, and properties of space; involves points, lines, angles, and surfaces.
Trigonometry: Deals with relationships between the angles and sides of triangles; includes functions like sine, cosine, and tangent.
Calculus: Study of change and motion; includes derivatives and integrals.
Statistics: Collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
Discrete Mathematics: Study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous.

Numbers: Different types of numbers (natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, real, complex).
Functions: A relation between a set of inputs and outputs; types include linear, quadratic, polynomial, and exponential functions.
Equations and Inequalities: Expressions that show equality or inequality; methods for solving (graphing, substitution, elimination).
Graphs: Visual representations of equations and functions; includes Cartesian coordinates, slopes, and intercepts.

Order of Operations: PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction).
Factoring: Breaking down numbers or expressions into their component factors.
Exponents: Represent repeated multiplication; laws of exponents govern their manipulation.
Roots: The inverse operation of exponentiation; includes square roots and cube roots.

Pythagorean Theorem: In a right triangle, a² + b² = c², where c is the hypotenuse.
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: Every non-constant polynomial equation has at least one complex root.
Mean Value Theorem: Relates the average rate of change of a function to its instantaneous rate of change at some point in the interval.

Understand the Problem: Read carefully, identify knowns and unknowns.
Devise a Plan: Choose suitable strategies (draw diagrams, create equations).
Carry out the Plan: Apply the chosen strategies step by step.
Review/Check: Verify the solution against the problem; check for accuracy.

Units of Measurement: Length, area, volume, weight, time; metric and imperial systems.
Probability: The study of uncertainty; calculates likelihood of events occurring.
Descriptive Statistics: Summarize data using mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.
Inferential Statistics: Making predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample.

Calculators: Aid in performing calculations quickly and accurately.
Graphing Tools: Assist in visualizing functions and data.
Software: Programs like MATLAB, R, or Python libraries for complex calculations and data analysis.

Science and Engineering: Models for physical phenomena, designs, and analysis.
Finance: Calculations for interest, investments, and budgeting.
Architecture: Geometry and spatial reasoning in design and construction.
Computer Science: Algorithms, data structures, and computational complexity.

Arithmetic involves basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Algebra focuses on using symbols and rules to manipulate them, including solving equations.
Geometry explores shapes, sizes, and properties of space, encompassing points, lines, angles, and surfaces.
Trigonometry examines the relationships between angles and sides of triangles, using functions like sine, cosine, and tangent.
Calculus studies change and motion, encompassing derivatives and integrals.
Statistics focuses on collecting, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and organizing data.
Discrete Mathematics deals with mathematical structures that are fundamentally distinct rather than continuous.

Numbers include various types: natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, real, and complex.
Functions represent relationships between sets of inputs and outputs. Types include linear, quadratic, polynomial, and exponential.
Equations and Inequalities express equality or inequality, with methods for solving using graphing, substitution, and elimination.
Graphs offer visual representations of equations and functions. They include Cartesian coordinates, slopes, and intercepts.

Order of Operations follows PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction).
Factoring involves breaking down numbers or expressions into their component factors.
Exponents indicate repeated multiplication, with laws governing manipulation.
Roots represent the inverse operation of exponentiation, including square roots and cube roots.

Pythagorean Theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (c) equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides (a and b): a² + b² = c².
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra asserts that every non-constant polynomial equation has at least one complex root.
Mean Value Theorem connects the average rate of change of a function between two points to its instantaneous rate of change at some specific point within the interval.

Understand the Problem: Thoroughly read the problem, identify the known and unknown elements.
Devise a Plan: Choose suitable strategies, such as drawing diagrams or creating equations, to address the problem.
Carry out the Plan: Execute the chosen strategies step by step.
Review/Check: Verify the solution by comparing it to the original problem. Ensure accuracy.

Units of Measurement: Include length, area, volume, weight, and time, using metric and imperial systems.
Probability quantifies the likelihood of events occurring, studying uncertainty.
Descriptive Statistics summarizes data using measures like mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.
Inferential Statistics makes predictions and inferences about a population based on a sample.

Calculators assist in performing calculations efficiently and accurately.
Graphing Tools help visualize functions and data.
Software: Programs like MATLAB, R, or Python libraries facilitate complex calculations and data analysis.

Science and Engineering: Mathematical models are used to represent physical phenomena, designs, and analysis.
Finance: Mathematics plays a crucial role in calculations for interest, investments, and budgeting.
Architecture: Geometry and spatial reasoning are fundamental to design and construction.
Computer Science: Mathematics underlies algorithms, data structures, and computational complexity.