Branches of Law

Public Law: Deals with the relationship between individuals and the state
- Constitutional Law: Concerned with the interpretation and application of a country's constitution
- Administrative Law: Regulates the actions of government agencies and officials
- Criminal Law: Focuses on crimes against the state and society
Private Law: Concerned with the relationships between individuals and private organizations
- Tort Law: Deals with civil wrongs and damages
- Contract Law: Regulates agreements between individuals and organizations
- Property Law: Covers ownership and rights to property

Common Law: Based on customs, judicial decisions, and legislation
- Originated in England and spread to countries such as the US, Canada, and Australia
Civil Law: Based on codified laws and statutes
- Originated in Europe and spread to countries such as France, Germany, and Japan
Islamic Law: Based on the Quran and Hadith
- Prevails in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Egypt
Customary Law: Based on traditional practices and customs
- Prevails in indigenous communities and some African countries

Judiciary: The system of courts that interpret and apply the law
- Includes trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts
Legislature: The branch of government that makes the laws
- Includes parliaments, congresses, and assemblies
Executive: The branch of government that enforces the laws
- Includes presidents, prime ministers, and governors

Adversarial System: A system where two parties present their cases to a neutral judge or jury
- Used in common law countries
Inquisitorial System: A system where a judge or investigator actively searches for evidence
- Used in civil law countries
Alternative Dispute Resolution: Methods of resolving disputes outside of court
- Includes mediation, arbitration, and negotiation

Jurisdiction: The authority of a court to hear and decide a case
Standing: The right to bring a lawsuit or appeal
Precedent: A previous court decision that serves as a guide for future cases
Stare Decisis: The principle of following precedent in court decisions

Public Law deals with the relationship between individuals and the state, encompassing Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Criminal Law
Constitutional Law is concerned with the interpretation and application of a country's constitution
Administrative Law regulates the actions of government agencies and officials
Criminal Law focuses on crimes against the state and society
Private Law is concerned with the relationships between individuals and private organizations, including Tort Law, Contract Law, and Property Law
Tort Law deals with civil wrongs and damages
Contract Law regulates agreements between individuals and organizations
Property Law covers ownership and rights to property

Common Law is based on customs, judicial decisions, and legislation, originating in England and spreading to countries like the US, Canada, and Australia
Civil Law is based on codified laws and statutes, originating in Europe and spreading to countries like France, Germany, and Japan
Islamic Law is based on the Quran and Hadith, prevailing in countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Egypt
Customary Law is based on traditional practices and customs, prevailing in indigenous communities and some African countries

Judiciary is the system of courts that interpret and apply the law, comprising trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts
Legislature is the branch of government that makes the laws, comprising parliaments, congresses, and assemblies
Executive is the branch of government that enforces the laws, comprising presidents, prime ministers, and governors

Adversarial System is a system where two parties present their cases to a neutral judge or jury, used in common law countries
Inquisitorial System is a system where a judge or investigator actively searches for evidence, used in civil law countries
Alternative Dispute Resolution includes methods of resolving disputes outside of court, such as mediation, arbitration, and negotiation