Branches of Law

Branches of Law

• Public Law: Deals with the relationship between individuals and the state
  • Constitutional Law: Concerned with the interpretation and application of a country's constitution
  • Administrative Law: Regulates the actions of government agencies and officials
  • Criminal Law: Focuses on crimes against the state and society
• Private Law: Concerned with the relationships between individuals and private organizations
  • Tort Law: Deals with civil wrongs and damages
  • Contract Law: Regulates agreements between individuals and organizations
  • Property Law: Covers ownership and rights to property

Legal Systems

• Common Law: Based on customs, judicial decisions, and legislation
  • Originated in England and spread to countries such as the US, Canada, and Australia
• Civil Law: Based on codified laws and statutes
  • Originated in Europe and spread to countries such as France, Germany, and Japan
• Islamic Law: Based on the Quran and Hadith
  • Prevails in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Egypt
• Customary Law: Based on traditional practices and customs
  • Prevails in indigenous communities and some African countries

Legal Institutions

• Judiciary: The system of courts that interpret and apply the law
  • Includes trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts
• Legislature: The branch of government that makes the laws
  • Includes parliaments, congresses, and assemblies
• Executive: The branch of government that enforces the laws
  • Includes presidents, prime ministers, and governors

Legal Processes

• Adversarial System: A system where two parties present their cases to a neutral judge or jury
  • Used in common law countries
• Inquisitorial System: A system where a judge or investigator actively searches for evidence
  • Used in civil law countries
• Alternative Dispute Resolution: Methods of resolving disputes outside of court
  • Includes mediation, arbitration, and negotiation

Legal Concepts

• Jurisdiction: The authority of a court to hear and decide a case
• Standing: The right to bring a lawsuit or appeal
• Precedent: A previous court decision that serves as a guide for future cases
• Stare Decisis: The principle of following precedent in court decisions

Branches of Law

• Public Law deals with the relationship between individuals and the state, encompassing Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Criminal Law
• Constitutional Law is concerned with the interpretation and application of a country's constitution
• Administrative Law regulates the actions of government agencies and officials
• Criminal Law focuses on crimes against the state and society
• Private Law is concerned with the relationships between individuals and private organizations, including Tort Law, Contract Law, and Property Law
• Tort Law deals with civil wrongs and damages
• Contract Law regulates agreements between individuals and organizations
• Property Law covers ownership and rights to property

Legal Systems

• Common Law is based on customs, judicial decisions, and legislation, originating in England and spreading to countries like the US, Canada, and Australia
• Civil Law is based on codified laws and statutes, originating in Europe and spreading to countries like France, Germany, and Japan
• Islamic Law is based on the Quran and Hadith, prevailing in countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Egypt
• Customary Law is based on traditional practices and customs, prevailing in indigenous communities and some African countries

Legal Institutions

• Judiciary is the system of courts that interpret and apply the law, comprising trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts
• Legislature is the branch of government that makes the laws, comprising parliaments, congresses, and assemblies
• Executive is the branch of government that enforces the laws, comprising presidents, prime ministers, and governors

Legal Processes

• Adversarial System is a system where two parties present their cases to a neutral judge or jury, used in common law countries
• Inquisitorial System is a system where a judge or investigator actively searches for evidence, used in civil law countries
• Alternative Dispute Resolution includes methods of resolving disputes outside of court, such as mediation, arbitration, and negotiation

Legal Concepts

• Jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide a case
• Standing refers to the right to bring a lawsuit or appeal
• Precedent is a previous court decision that serves as a guide for future cases
• Stare Decisis is the principle of following precedent in court decisions