Branches of Biology

Study Notes

Botany: study of plants
Zoology: study of animals
Microbiology: study of microorganisms
Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Biochemistry: study of chemical processes within living organisms
Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
Cell Biology: study of cell structure, function, and behavior
Genetics: study of heredity and variation
Evolutionary Biology: study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth

Cells: basic units of life, consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material
Organisms: living things, ranging from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms
Tissues: groups of similar cells that perform specific functions
Organs: structures composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions
Organ Systems: groups of organs that work together to maintain homeostasis and perform specific functions

Carbohydrates: energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches
Proteins: molecules composed of amino acids, performing a wide range of functions
Lipids: molecules composed of fatty acids and glycerol, serving as energy storage and structural components
Nucleic Acids: molecules containing genetic information, including DNA and RNA

Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
Metabolism: process by which cells convert energy and nutrients into the components of life
Homeostasis: ability of organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Botany is the study of plants
Zoology is the study of animals
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within living organisms
Molecular Biology is the study of biological molecules and their interactions
Cell Biology is the study of cell structure, function, and behavior
Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
Evolutionary Biology is the study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth

Cells are the basic units of life, consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material
Organisms are living things, ranging from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms
Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform specific functions
Organs are structures composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions
Organ Systems are groups of organs that work together to maintain homeostasis and perform specific functions

Carbohydrates are energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches
Proteins are molecules composed of amino acids, performing a wide range of functions
Lipids are molecules composed of fatty acids and glycerol, serving as energy storage and structural components
Nucleic Acids are molecules containing genetic information, including DNA and RNA

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose
Metabolism is the process by which cells convert energy and nutrients into the components of life
Homeostasis is the ability of organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment