8 Questions
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is ______.
ecology
The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called ______.
cytoplasm
The process by which plants produce energy is called ______.
photosynthesis
The ______ of a cell contains the genetic material (DNA).
nucleus
The study of the structure, behavior, and evolution of the universe is ______.
not found in the content
The study of the chemical processes in living organisms is ______.
biochemistry
The process by which best-adapted individuals reproduce is called ______.
natural selection
The chronological record of life on Earth is the ______ record.
fossil
Study Notes
Branches of Biology
- Botany: study of plants
- Zoology: study of animals
- Microbiology: study of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
- Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
- Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules (DNA, proteins, etc.)
- Cellular Biology: study of cell structure, function, and behavior
- Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution of species
- Genetics: study of heredity and variation
- Biophysics: study of physical principles underlying biological processes
Cell Biology
- Cell structure:
- Plasma membrane: outermost layer of cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside cell
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: energy-producing organelles
- Cell function:
- Metabolism: energy production and consumption
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants produce energy
- Cell signaling: communication between cells
Genetics
- Mendel's Laws:
- Law of Segregation: each trait is determined by two alleles
- Law of Independent Assortment: genes sort independently during reproduction
- Law of Dominance: dominant allele masks recessive allele
- DNA structure:
- Double helix: two complementary strands of nucleotides
- Nucleotides: building blocks of DNA (A, C, G, T)
- Gene expression:
- Transcription: DNA to RNA
- Translation: RNA to protein
Evolution
- Mechanisms of evolution:
- Natural selection: process by which best-adapted individuals reproduce
- Genetic drift: random change in gene frequency
- Gene flow: movement of genes between populations
- Mutation: change in DNA sequence
- Evidence for evolution:
- Fossil record: chronological record of life on Earth
- Comparative anatomy: similarities between different species
- Molecular biology: similarities between DNA and protein sequences
Branches of Biology
- Botany is the study of plants
- Zoology is the study of animals
- Microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria and viruses
- Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms
- Molecular Biology examines biological molecules like DNA and proteins
- Cellular Biology explores cell structure, function, and behavior
- Evolutionary Biology explores the evolution of species
- Genetics studies heredity and variation
- Biophysics examines the physical principles underlying biological processes
Cell Biology
- The plasma membrane is the outermost layer of a cell
- Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside a cell
- The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles
- Metabolism is energy production and consumption
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce energy
- Cell signaling is communication between cells
Genetics
- Mendel's Law of Segregation states that each trait is determined by two alleles
- Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that genes sort independently during reproduction
- Mendel's Law of Dominance states that the dominant allele masks the recessive allele
- DNA is structured as a double helix with complementary strands of nucleotides
- Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA (A, C, G, T)
- Transcription is the process of DNA to RNA
- Translation is the process of RNA to protein
Evolution
- Natural selection is the process by which best-adapted individuals reproduce
- Genetic drift is a random change in gene frequency
- Gene flow is the movement of genes between populations
- Mutation is a change in DNA sequence
- The fossil record is a chronological record of life on Earth
- Comparative anatomy shows similarities between different species
- Molecular biology shows similarities between DNA and protein sequences
Explore the various fields of biology, including botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, and more. Learn about the different areas of study and their focus.
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