Branches of Biology

Study Notes

Branches of Biology

Botany: study of plants and their interactions with the environment
Zoology: study of animals and their interactions with the environment
Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
Ecology: study of the relationships between organisms and their environment
Genetics: study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
Biochemistry: study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms
Molecular Biology: study of the structure and function of biological molecules
Cell Biology: study of the structure and function of cells
Evolutionary Biology: study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth

Cell Structure and Function

Cell membrane: thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where metabolic processes occur
Nucleus: control center of the cell, where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
Lysosomes: organelles responsible for cellular digestion and recycling

Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates: energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches
Proteins: complex molecules that perform a wide range of functions, including structural, enzymatic, and hormonal roles
Lipids: energy-rich molecules, such as fats and oils
Nucleic acids: molecules that contain the genetic information of an organism, including DNA and RNA

Biological Processes

Photosynthesis: process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
Digestion: process by which organisms break down food into nutrients
Metabolism: process by which cells convert energy and nutrients into the components of life
Homeostasis: process by which cells and organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Branches of Biology

Botany focuses on plants and their environmental interactions.
Zoology explores animals and their environmental interactions.
Microbiology delves into microorganisms like bacteria and viruses.
Ecology examines relationships between organisms and their environment.
Genetics delves into heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Biochemistry analyzes chemical processes within living organisms.
Molecular Biology studies biological molecules' structure and function.
Cell Biology explores cell structure and function.
Evolutionary Biology investigates processes that shaped Earth's life diversity.

Cell Structure and Function

Cell membrane is a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules surrounding the cell.
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
Nucleus is the control center storing DNA.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
Lysosomes handle cellular digestion and recycling.

Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates are energy-rich molecules like sugars and starches.
Proteins perform various functions, including structural, enzymatic, and hormonal roles.
Lipids are energy-rich molecules like fats and oils.
Nucleic acids contain genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

Biological Processes

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in plants and some organisms.
Respiration generates energy from glucose in cells.
Digestion breaks down food into nutrients in organisms.
Metabolism converts energy and nutrients into life components in cells.
Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes in cells and organisms.

Description

Explore the various fields of biology, including botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Learn about the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.