Branches of Biology

Branches of Biology

• Botany: Study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment.
• Zoology: Study of animals, including their structure, behavior, evolution, and interactions with the environment.
• Microbiology: Study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• Ecology: Study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
• Molecular Biology: Study of the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins.
• Genetics: Study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
• Evolutionary Biology: Study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth.

Cell Biology

• Cell Structure: Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles.
• Cell Functions: Metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and movement.
• Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis.

Genetics and Evolution

• Mendelian Genetics: Laws of inheritance, including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance.
• Genetic Variation: Mutations, genetic drift, gene flow, and selection.
• Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
• Phylogeny: Study of the evolutionary history of organisms.

Ecology and Ecosystems

• Ecosystem Components: Biotic factors (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living environment).
• Energy Flow: Producers, consumers, and decomposers.
• Trophic Levels: Food chains and food webs.
• Ecosystem Services: Provisioning, regulating, and cultural services.

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and cellulose.
• Proteins: Structure, function, and synthesis.
• Lipids: Fats, oils, and steroids.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA structure and function.

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis: Light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
• Cellular Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• Metabolism: Anabolic and catabolic reactions.
• Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal environment.

Branches of Biology

• Botany examines the structure, growth, evolution, and environmental interactions of plants.
• Zoology delves into the structure, behavior, evolution, and environmental interactions of animals.
• Microbiology studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• Ecology explores the relationships between organisms and their environment.
• Biochemistry investigates the chemical processes within living organisms.
• Molecular Biology analyzes the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins.
• Genetics focuses on heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
• Evolutionary Biology examines the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth.

Cell Biology

• Cell structure consists of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles.
• Cell functions include metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and movement.
• Cell division involves mitosis and meiosis.

Genetics and Evolution

• Mendelian Genetics is governed by the laws of inheritance, including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance.
• Genetic Variation arises from mutations, genetic drift, gene flow, and selection.
• Evolutionary Mechanisms include natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
• Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms.

Ecology and Ecosystems

• Ecosystem Components consist of biotic factors (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living environment).
• Energy Flow occurs through producers, consumers, and decomposers.
• Trophic Levels involve food chains and food webs.
• Ecosystem Services include provisioning, regulating, and cultural services.

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates encompass sugars, starches, and cellulose.
• Proteins have specific structures, functions, and synthesis processes.
• Lipids include fats, oils, and steroids.
• Nucleic Acids comprise DNA and RNA, with distinct structures and functions.

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis involves light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
• Cellular Respiration occurs through aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• Metabolism encompasses anabolic and catabolic reactions.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.