Brain Structure and Functions

What might cause pain in one or both ears, according to the text?

Dental problems

What is the term for the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose?

Rhinitis

What is the term for nose bleeding?

Epistaxis

What is the term for difficulty swallowing?

Dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for chronic difficulty in swallowing caused by constriction of the esophagus?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

What causes cold sores according to the text?

Herpes Simplex Virus Signup and view all the answers

What might cause lesions in the mouth or on the tongue?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why might the client be asked to wear an examination gown?

To prepare for the procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the acute case and the allergic case?

The acute case is caused by a virus, whereas the allergic case results from contact with allergens. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of otitis externa?

Itching Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of aphthous ulcers?

They are round and white. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hemotympanum?

Head trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of otitis media?

Hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

Why are children more prone to otitis media?

Because their auditory tubes are wider, shorter, and more horizontal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex?

Enabling the individual to perceive, remember, communicate, and initiate movements Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary skeletal movement, speech, emotions, and intellectual activities?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as the gateway to the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What does the epithalamus contain that helps control mood and sleep cycles?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain interprets auditory stimuli?

Temporal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

Receiving and interpreting visual stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What activities does the hypothalamus influence?

Blood pressure, heart rate, digestive motility, and perception of emotions Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cerebral hemispheres connected?

By commissures, the largest of which is the corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

Which of these mood abnormalities is associated with both bipolar disorder and major depression?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What might an inability to solve simple addition and multiplication problems indicate?

Organic brain disease Signup and view all the answers

What additional factors must be considered if a patient gives a wrong answer to a simple mathematical problem?

Nervousness and language understanding Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by loss of cognitive functioning such as thinking and reasoning?

Dementia Signup and view all the answers

A patient's logical and relevant response to interpreting a proverb can indicate what?

Level of education Signup and view all the answers

Which proverb interpretation would be most relevant to assess judgment?

Honesty is the best policy Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional states may be associated with excessive self-confidence?

Euphoria Signup and view all the answers

If a patient shows signs of thinking and reasoning impairment, which condition might they have?

Dementia Signup and view all the answers

What signifies a possible disease of the nerve when testing palate and uvula movement?

Unilateral movement Signup and view all the answers

Increased risk of aspiration during a gag reflex test is indicated by:

Diminished or absent gag reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which action is performed to test the strength of the client's tongue?

Ask the client to push the tongue against the inside of the cheek Signup and view all the answers

What does atrophy indicate?

Decrease in size of a body part Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contraction should be noted when the client turns the head against resistance?

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles Signup and view all the answers

What condition is described as difficulty or painful swallowing?