Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between gyri and sulci?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between gyri and sulci?
- Gyri are the valleys, while sulci are the hilltops on the surface of the brain.
- Gyri and sulci are only visible in some individuals.
- Gyri and sulci both contribute to the volume but not function of the brain.
- Gyri are the hilltops, while sulci are the valleys on the surface of the brain. (correct)
What is the assumed functional significance of the variations in thickness, cell density, and complexity of neurons in different regions of the cerebral cortex?
What is the assumed functional significance of the variations in thickness, cell density, and complexity of neurons in different regions of the cerebral cortex?
- These variations indicate that all regions of the brain perform identical functions, but at different processing speeds.
- These variations are primarily due to genetic mutations and are not related to functional capabilities.
- These variations are random and do not correlate to any functional differences.
- These variations suggest that different regions of the brain are involved in different functions. (correct)
If a person has difficulty performing voluntary movements, which part of the brain might be affected?
If a person has difficulty performing voluntary movements, which part of the brain might be affected?
- Limbic System
- Cerebellum
- Basal Ganglia (correct)
- Autonomic Nervous System
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the brainstem's function?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the brainstem's function?
If a person has damage to their temporal lobe, which function is most likely to be impaired?
If a person has damage to their temporal lobe, which function is most likely to be impaired?
How do the cranial nerves facilitate communication between the brain and the body?
How do the cranial nerves facilitate communication between the brain and the body?
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mentioned?
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mentioned?
In the autonomic nervous system, what is the function of the sympathetic division?
In the autonomic nervous system, what is the function of the sympathetic division?
Which of the following describes the anatomical location of the term 'rostral'?
Which of the following describes the anatomical location of the term 'rostral'?
What is the general function of the limbic system?
What is the general function of the limbic system?
What is the primary role of the spinal cord in the context of nervous system organization?
What is the primary role of the spinal cord in the context of nervous system organization?
What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
In the context of describing locations within the nervous system, what does the term 'dorsal' refer to?
In the context of describing locations within the nervous system, what does the term 'dorsal' refer to?
Which of the following best illustrates the opposing actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Which of the following best illustrates the opposing actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
If someone has difficulty with balance and coordination, which part of the brain is most likely affected?
If someone has difficulty with balance and coordination, which part of the brain is most likely affected?
Which describes the function of the somatic nervous system?
Which describes the function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the most likely consequence of damage to the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)?
What is the most likely consequence of damage to the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)?
Which lobe is primarily responsible for processing touch and balance?
Which lobe is primarily responsible for processing touch and balance?
Flashcards
Nervous System
Nervous System
The system comprised of the brain, spinal cord, somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing sensory information and coordinating responses.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs, divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Division
Sympathetic Division
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Parasympathetic Division
Parasympathetic Division
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
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Occipital Lobe
Occipital Lobe
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Parietal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
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Temporal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
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Frontal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
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Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia
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Limbic System
Limbic System
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Brainstem
Brainstem
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Thalamus
Thalamus
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Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum
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Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves
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Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
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Anterior
Anterior
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Study Notes
- Lecture on the organisation of the nervous system.
Brain Organisation
- The brain consists of two hemispheres.
- Shape of a walnut and size of a coconut.
- Gyri (hill tops) and sulci (valleys) are visible when the skull is opened
- Appearance gives little information about their function.
- Surface landmarks differ slightly, main wrinkles are common and are used as landmarks.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acts as a cushion between the skull and the brain.
Cerebral Cortex
- Two cerebral hemispheres divided into 4 lobes.
- Occipital lobe is for visual processing.
- Parietal lobe processes touch, balance, and movement.
- Temporal lobe processes hearing, speech comprehension, memory, and visual recognition.
- Frontal lobe is responsible for movement, thinking, and planning.
- The cerebral cortex has a layer of nerve cells that cover the outer surface of the brain.
- The number and variety of neurons varies in parts of the cerebral cortex.
- Variations in thickness, cell density, and complexity assumed that different brain regions have distinct functions.
Basal Ganglia and Limbic System
- Basal Ganglia are important in the control of voluntary movement.
- The Limbic System is important for navigation in space and memory formation.
Brainstem
- Includes the hindbrain (including cerebellum), midbrain, and diencephalon (including thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary).
- Evolved more than 500 million years ago.
- It is like the brain of a present-day reptile.
- Composed of nerves running from the body into the brain.
- Controls the brain’s general level of alertness and regulates processes such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord
- Cranial nerves allow the brain to communicate with muscles and sense organs in head and neck.
- Sensory information about touch and pain is relayed to the brain via the spinal cord
- The brain sends motor commands via the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement.
- Nerve fibres leave the spinal cord through gaps between the vertebrae.
- Back problems can often give rise to trapped nerves.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic division is for fight or flight (uses ACh pre-ganglionic, Noradrenaline post-ganglionic).
- Parasympathetic division is for rest and digest (uses ACh pre- and post-ganglionic).
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