Brain Hemispheres and Corpus Callosum

Questions and Answers

People with __________ handedness may need special testing to determine if their speech center is on the left or right side prior to any surgery in that area.

Left

Aphasia is a disturbance of language affecting __________, comprehension, reading, or writing due to brain injury.

speech production

Broca's area lies in the left __________ lobe.

frontal

The __________ lobe is responsible for interpreting vision, hearing, sensory and memory.

Parietal Signup and view all the answers

The __________ lobe is responsible for interpreting vision, including color, light, and movement.

Occipital Signup and view all the answers

The __________ lobe is responsible for understanding language, including Wernicke's area.

Temporal Signup and view all the answers

Damage to Broca's area can lead to difficulty in __________ and writing due to inability to form letters and words.

speaking Signup and view all the answers

The __________ strip is responsible for body movement.

motor Signup and view all the answers

The __________ strip is responsible for sense of touch, pain, and temperature.

sensory Signup and view all the answers

Broca's aphasia is characterized by difficulty in __________ and writing, but still able to read and understand spoken language.

speaking Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Brain Structure

The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum, a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits messages between the two sides.
Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.

Hemispheres and Functions

The left hemisphere controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing, and is dominant in hand use and language in about 92% of people.
The right hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills.

Lobes of the Brain

The cerebral hemispheres are divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
Each lobe serves specific functions, such as:
- Frontal lobe: personality, behavior, emotions, judgment, planning, and problem-solving.
- Parietal lobe: interprets language, words, sense of touch, pain, temperature, and spatial and visual perception.
- Temporal lobe: understanding language, interpreting vision, hearing, and sensory information.
- Occipital lobe: interprets vision, including color, light, and movement.

Language and Speech

The left hemisphere is responsible for language and speech, and is called the "dominant" hemisphere.
The right hemisphere plays a large part in interpreting visual information and spatial processing.
In about one-third of people who are left-handed, speech function may be located on the right side of the brain.

Brain Function

The brain controls all functions of the body, interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of the mind and soul.
It assembles information from the five senses and stores it in memory.
The brain controls thoughts, memory, and speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many organs within the body.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord and cranial nerves that branch from the brain.

Brain Parts

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, composed of right and left hemispheres, and performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision, and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.
The cerebellum is located under the cerebrum and coordinates muscle movements, maintains posture, and balances.
The brainstem acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, and performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and body temperature.